We propose a simple and robust HSV color-space-based algorithm that can automatically extract object position information without human intervention or prior knowledge. In manufacturing sites with high variability, it is difficult to recognize products through robot machine vision, especially in terms of extracting object information accurately, owing to various environmental factors such as the noise around objects, shadows, light reflections, and illumination interferences. The proposed algorithm, which does not require users to reset the HSV color threshold value whenever a product is changed, uses ROI referencing method to solve this problem. The algorithm automatically identifies the object’s location by using the HSV color-space-based ROI random sampling, ROI similarity comparison, and ROI merging. The proposed system utilizes an IoT device with several modules for the detection, analysis, control, and management of object data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is very useful for industrial automation applications under complex and highly variable manufacturing environments.

Machine learning techniques are extensively employed in drug discovery, with a significant focus on developing QSAR models that interpret the structural information of potential drugs. In this study, the pre-trained natural language processing (NLP) model, ChemBERTa, was utilized in the drug discovery process. We proposed and evaluated four core model architectures as follows: deep neural network (DNN), encoder, concatenation (concat), and pipe. The DNN model processes physicochemical properties as input, while the encoder model leverages the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) along with NLP techniques. The latter two models, concat and pipe, incorporate both SMILES and physicochemical properties, operating in parallel and with sequential manners, respectively. We collected 5238 entries from DrugBank, including their physicochemical properties and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) features. The models’ performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), with the DNN, encoder, concat, and pipe models achieved 62.4%, 76.0%, 74.9%, and 68.2%, respectively. In a separate test with 84 experimental microsomal stability datasets, the AUROC scores for external data were 78% for DNN, 44% for the encoder, and 50% for concat, indicating that the DNN model had superior predictive capabilities for new data. This suggests that models based on structural information may require further optimization or alternative tokenization strategies. The application of natural language processing techniques to pharmaceutical challenges has demonstrated promising results, highlighting the need for more extensive data to enhance model generalization.

A context-aware recommender system can make recommendations to users by considering contextual information such as time and place, not only the scores assigned to items by users. However, as a user preferences matrix is expanded in a multidimensional matrix, data sparsity is maximized. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based context-aware recommender system that considers the contextual features. Based on existing deep learning models, we combine a neural network and autoencoder to extract characteristics and predict scores in the process of restoring input data. The newly proposed model is able to easily reflect various type of contextual information and predicts user preferences by considering the feature of user, item and context. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method is mostly superior to the existing method in all datasets. Also, for the dataset with data sparsity problem, it was confirmed that the performance of the proposed method is higher than that of existing methods. The proposed method has higher precision by 0.01–0.05 than other recommender systems in a dataset with many context dimensions. And it showed good performance with a high precision of 0.03 to 0.09 in a small dimensional dataset.

A marker combination capable of classifying a specific chicken population could improve commercial value by increasing consumer confidence with respect to the origin of the population. This would facilitate the protection of native genetic resources in the market of each country. In this study, a total of 283 samples from 20 lines, which consisted of Korean native chickens, commercial native chickens, and commercial broilers with a layer population, were analyzed to determine the optimal marker combination comprising the minimum number of markers, using a 600 k high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Machine learning algorithms, a genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to distinguish a target (case) group for comparison with control chicken groups. In the processing of marker selection, a total of 47,303 SNPs were used for classifying chicken populations; 96 LD-pruned SNPs (50 SNPs per LD block) served as the best marker combination for target chicken classification. Moreover, 36, 44, and 8 SNPs were selected as the minimum numbers of markers by the AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) machine learning classification models, which had accuracy rates of 99.6%, 98.0%, and 97.9%, respectively. The selected marker combinations increased the genetic distance and fixation index (Fst) values between the case and control groups, and they reduced the number of genetic components required, confirming that efficient classification of the groups was possible by using a small number of marker sets. In a verification study including additional chicken breeds and samples (12 lines and 182 samples), the accuracy did not significantly change, and the target chicken group could be clearly distinguished from the other populations. The GWAS, PCA, and machine learning algorithms used in this study can be applied efficiently, to determine the optimal marker combination with the minimum number of markers that can distinguish the target population among a large number of SNP markers.

In order to predict and recommend what users want, users’ information is required, and more information is required to improve the performance of the recommender system. As IoT devices and smartphones have made it possible to know the user’s context, context-aware recommender systems have emerged to predict preferences by considering the user’s context. A context-aware recommender system uses contextual information such as time, weather, and location to predict preferences. However, a user’s preferences are not always the same in a given context. They may follow trends or make different choices due to changes in their personal environment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a context-aware recommender system that considers the change in users’ preferences over time. The proposed method is a context-aware recommender system that uses Matrix Factorization with a preference transition matrix to capture and reflect the changes in users’ preferences. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compared the performance with the traditional recommender system, context-aware recommender system, and dynamic recommender system, and confirmed that the performance of the proposed method is better than the existing methods.

The [World Economic Forum 2016, https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016. Accessed 5 Aug 2017] predicted that the world would face the Fourth Industrial Revolution which means innovative changes through convergence of cutting-edge information and communications technologies (ICTs) such as artificial intelligence, IoT, big data and cloud computing with conventional industries. It was forecasted that such innovation would take place across all industries and services. In particular, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has paid attention to changes in conventional traditional industries. The weak signal analysis is a method which can detect the sign of future changes at an early stage. A weak signal is defined as an advanced indicator in such changes. Therefore, its search and monitoring can be an early warning on threat and great opportunity to be prepared. To overcome the limitation of future prediction which is mostly dependent upon an expert group’s intuitive judgment, this study attempted to investigate the weak signal of convergence among industries, using knowledge structure based approaches. As new products and services can lead to convergence between industries, research data has gathered information on the products and services of global listed companies which have been established for the past 11 years. For comparative analysis, they were grouped every 5 years, and product and service trends were compared. And we detected weak signals of convergence with different industries and noticed the changes of existing industries. Historically, the convergence of industries is mainly discussed in relation to science and technology-led industries, so the industrial field that has been studied has chosen Korea’s growth engine industries, a high-tech science and technology industries.