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We examine the role of alignment between organizational social consciousness and the informal and formal institutions of a country in increasing female representation on boards. Using fixed-effects and Hausman Taylor regression methodology for endogenous covariate with panel data for the years 2006–2020, we find that the greater the alignment between organizational social consciousness and certain formal (i.e., a gender quota) and informal (i.e., high gender equality) institutions, the more progress there is toward gender representation on corporate boards in Europe. We also find that more socially conscious firms make the most progress, often going beyond the minimum regulatory targets. By showing the complementarity of these factors, we address the enduring question of how the interplay of formal and informal institutions directly affects corporate behavior, thus contributing to the institutional, public policy/regulatory, and corporate governance literatures. We note the need for policymakers to go beyond mere codification of rules via quotas and simultaneously work toward raising national and organizational social consciousness levels on issues of gender equality.
Cynthia E. Clark; Punit Arora; Patricia Gabaldon. Female Representation on Corporate Boards in Europe: The Interplay of Organizational Social Consciousness and Institutions. Journal of Business Ethics 2021, 1 -22.
AMA StyleCynthia E. Clark, Punit Arora, Patricia Gabaldon. Female Representation on Corporate Boards in Europe: The Interplay of Organizational Social Consciousness and Institutions. Journal of Business Ethics. 2021; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCynthia E. Clark; Punit Arora; Patricia Gabaldon. 2021. "Female Representation on Corporate Boards in Europe: The Interplay of Organizational Social Consciousness and Institutions." Journal of Business Ethics , no. : 1-22.
Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo definir el perfil de las mujeres emprendedoras costarricenses en el sector del turismo rural y determinar si sus características y las de sus empresas están relacionadas con su desempeño. Se adoptó una metodología mixta basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia del apoyo familiar y la afiliación a redes como elementos esenciales para el desarrollo de empresas exitosas. La familia y las redes proporcionan dos elementos esenciales para el éxito de las emprendedoras: acceso a la financiación y formalización de sus negocios. Es de especial relevancia destacar la contribución de esta investigación a un campo poco estudiado como es el de las emprendedoras rurales, dados sus aportes a la reducción de la pobreza y en el que tradicionalmente el acceso a la información ha sido muy limitado.
Merlyn Gutiérrez Cruz; María Jesús Such Devesa; Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. Factores de éxito en el emprendimiento femenino turístico rural en Costa Rica. Investigaciones Turísticas 2021, 148 -175.
AMA StyleMerlyn Gutiérrez Cruz, María Jesús Such Devesa, Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. Factores de éxito en el emprendimiento femenino turístico rural en Costa Rica. Investigaciones Turísticas. 2021; (22):148-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerlyn Gutiérrez Cruz; María Jesús Such Devesa; Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. 2021. "Factores de éxito en el emprendimiento femenino turístico rural en Costa Rica." Investigaciones Turísticas , no. 22: 148-175.
Companies are vital agents in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. One key role that businesses can play in achieving the 5th Sustainable Development Goal on gender equality is implementing training programs for their women executives so they can reach top corporate leadership positions. In this paper, we test the effectiveness of an Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) program for women executives. By interviewing 32 participants from this ALD program and building on authentic leadership theory, we find that this program lifts women participants’ self-efficacy perception, as well as their self-resolution to take control of their careers. The driver for both results is a reflective thinking process elicited during the program that leads women to abandon the stereotype of a low status role and lack of self-direction over time. Through the relational authenticity developed during the program, women participants develop leadership styles that are more congenial with their gender group, yet highly accepted by the in-group leader members, which enhances their social capital. After the program, the women participants flourished as authentic leaders, were able to activate and foster their self-esteem and social capital, and enhanced their agency in career advancement, increasing their likelihood of breaking the glass ceiling.
Miryam Martínez-Martínez; Manuel Molina-López; Ruth Mateos de Cabo; Patricia Gabaldón; Susana González-Pérez; Gregorio Izquierdo. Awakenings: An Authentic Leadership Development Program to Break the Glass Ceiling. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7476 .
AMA StyleMiryam Martínez-Martínez, Manuel Molina-López, Ruth Mateos de Cabo, Patricia Gabaldón, Susana González-Pérez, Gregorio Izquierdo. Awakenings: An Authentic Leadership Development Program to Break the Glass Ceiling. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiryam Martínez-Martínez; Manuel Molina-López; Ruth Mateos de Cabo; Patricia Gabaldón; Susana González-Pérez; Gregorio Izquierdo. 2021. "Awakenings: An Authentic Leadership Development Program to Break the Glass Ceiling." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7476.
The link between gender and social enterprises remains relatively under-researched. In this paper, through a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2017, we provide a broad examination of women’s involvement in social enterprises. Our review helps mapping and categorising this emerging theme by clustering existing contributions in two topics drivers and outcomes. As a result, several research gaps are singled out, inducing to new theoretical and methodological suggestions where gender lens is the context and research locus.
Isabel Garcia-Lomas; Patricia Gabaldon. Gender – From Variable to Lens in Social Enterprises: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Women’s Involvement in Social Ventures. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship 2021, 1 -25.
AMA StyleIsabel Garcia-Lomas, Patricia Gabaldon. Gender – From Variable to Lens in Social Enterprises: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Women’s Involvement in Social Ventures. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. 2021; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Garcia-Lomas; Patricia Gabaldon. 2021. "Gender – From Variable to Lens in Social Enterprises: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Women’s Involvement in Social Ventures." Journal of Social Entrepreneurship , no. : 1-25.
This study analyses the impact of political and regulatory pressures to increase the influence of women within the European board of directors’ network. To accomplish this, we used a longitudinal approach, tracking two centrality measures of a European directors’ network from 1999 to 2014. The network comprised publicly listed firms in 37 European countries, resulting in an extensive sample of 71,300 directors, of which around 10% were women. Governments promoting gender diversity in leadership positions have focused on two solutions: a slow track using voluntary approaches versus a fast track pushing for binding legislation. The panel data analysis shows how voluntary approaches to promote gender diversity, as implemented through corporate governance codes, have a positive and significant relationship with the ‘closeness’ of women to other directors in the network (i.e. their access to information). In contrast, binding legislation, such as gender quotas, increases women's role as unique ‘bridges’ between sub‐networks – a result that serves to heighten their ‘betweenness’ centrality (i.e. their control over information).
Ruth Mateos De Cabo; Pilar Grau; Ricardo Gimeno; Patricia Gabaldón. Shades of Power: Network Links with Gender Quotas and Corporate Governance Codes. British Journal of Management 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRuth Mateos De Cabo, Pilar Grau, Ricardo Gimeno, Patricia Gabaldón. Shades of Power: Network Links with Gender Quotas and Corporate Governance Codes. British Journal of Management. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth Mateos De Cabo; Pilar Grau; Ricardo Gimeno; Patricia Gabaldón. 2021. "Shades of Power: Network Links with Gender Quotas and Corporate Governance Codes." British Journal of Management , no. : 1.
The replacement of the CEO is one of the first actions a troubled company may take to recover from a critical situation. In this paper, we analyze the change in firm risk and firm risk perception when women are replacing men as CEOs of troubled companies. The analyses are based on a comprehensive dataset covering all registered companies in Norway from 2005 to 2014. We argue that a new woman CEOs increase the chances of improving the risk situation of troubled companies. Building on CEO succession and social identity theories, we study the firm risk situation under the lenses of risk perception and firm risk, and we find that a newly appointed woman CEO, following a man, tend to decrease the level of risk of the company. Furthermore, we find counterbalancing effects on these changes given the moderation effect of women on the board.
Alessandra Rigolini; Patricia Gabaldon; Eskil Le Bruyn Goldeng. CEO succession with gender change in troubled companies: The effect of a new woman CEO on firm risk and firm risk perceived. Scandinavian Journal of Management 2021, 37, 101138 .
AMA StyleAlessandra Rigolini, Patricia Gabaldon, Eskil Le Bruyn Goldeng. CEO succession with gender change in troubled companies: The effect of a new woman CEO on firm risk and firm risk perceived. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 2021; 37 (1):101138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandra Rigolini; Patricia Gabaldon; Eskil Le Bruyn Goldeng. 2021. "CEO succession with gender change in troubled companies: The effect of a new woman CEO on firm risk and firm risk perceived." Scandinavian Journal of Management 37, no. 1: 101138.
Through the use of qualitative analysis, this paper examines the diverse tensions that social entrepreneurs have to deal with in their daily business activity. By using paradox theory and the hybrid organization model as a framework for analysis, we have found three principle causes of tension among social entrepreneurs: social vs economic sustainability; work vs family life; and resistance to change vs innovation. The results show the way in which social entrepreneurs in hybrid organizations resolve these conflicting tensions, usually through a selective coupling strategy, which is eventually complemented with alternative approaches such as compromising or decoupling. Social entrepreneurs tend to focus on one aspect of the tension and deal with it individually, which makes it more manageable. Change and innovation are the triggers for using strategies other than selective coupling, such as compromising or decoupling. When the level of tension rises further, compromising is then used. Decoupling is the last option chosen by social entrepreneurs, and is used only in cases where resolution is not possible with the other two strategies mentioned.
Ignacio Alvarez De Mon; Patricia Gabaldón; Margarita Nuñez. Social entrepreneurs: making sense of tensions through the application of alternative strategies of hybrid organizations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 2021, 1 -23.
AMA StyleIgnacio Alvarez De Mon, Patricia Gabaldón, Margarita Nuñez. Social entrepreneurs: making sense of tensions through the application of alternative strategies of hybrid organizations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 2021; ():1-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio Alvarez De Mon; Patricia Gabaldón; Margarita Nuñez. 2021. "Social entrepreneurs: making sense of tensions through the application of alternative strategies of hybrid organizations." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal , no. : 1-23.
Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la mujer emprendedora en el turismo rural en Costa Rica, enmarcándola en el contexto latinoamericano y en el de las emprendedoras rurales. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se define el perfil de las empresarias, sus motivaciones y las barreras que enfrentan. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto las importantes similitudes entre las emprendedoras turísticas rurales costarricenses con el resto de las emprendedoras en Latinoamérica y del mundo. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las emprendedoras dentro del marco del turismo rural, esencial para el desarrollo económico del país. This article analyzes the phenomenon of entrepreneurial women in rural tourism in Costa Rica, framed within the Latin-American and rural entrepreneurship context. Using a systematic literature review, the profile of business-women gets defined through their motivations to start their businesses and the barriers they face. The results show the important similarities between Costa Rican rural tourism entrepreneurs and other female entrepreneurs in Latin America and the world. This study contributes to the knowledge of these entrepreneurs within the framework of rural tourism, essential for the economic development of developing countries.
Merlyn Gutiérrez Cruz; María Jesús Such Devesa; Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. LA MUJER EMPRENDEDORA EN EL TURISMO RURAL: PECULIARIDADES DEL CASO COSTARRICENSE A TRAVÉS DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA. Cuadernos de Turismo 2020, 185 -214.
AMA StyleMerlyn Gutiérrez Cruz, María Jesús Such Devesa, Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. LA MUJER EMPRENDEDORA EN EL TURISMO RURAL: PECULIARIDADES DEL CASO COSTARRICENSE A TRAVÉS DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA. Cuadernos de Turismo. 2020; (46):185-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerlyn Gutiérrez Cruz; María Jesús Such Devesa; Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones. 2020. "LA MUJER EMPRENDEDORA EN EL TURISMO RURAL: PECULIARIDADES DEL CASO COSTARRICENSE A TRAVÉS DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA." Cuadernos de Turismo , no. 46: 185-214.
While boards of directors play a critical role in the formulation of strategic actions of family firms, up-to-date research examining the antecedents of boards’ influence on strategic decisions remains limited. This study examines whether and how boards’ task conflict impacts boards’ control and advisory tasks, as well as to what extent these relationships vary with different degrees of boards’ openness. Our main hypotheses are tested on a sample of 94 family firms from Norway. Our main findings confirm the complex and context-sensitive nature of conflicts in the context of family firms’ boards of directors. In particular, we advance the debate by suggesting that task conflict benefits both boards’ control and advisory tasks only when boards function in an atmosphere of openness.
Sadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Mariateresa Torchia; Patricia Gabaldon; Andrea Calabrò. Effects of Task Conflict on Board Task Performance in Family Firms: The Importance of Board Openness. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2020, 11, 100350 .
AMA StyleSadi Boĝaç Kanadlı, Mariateresa Torchia, Patricia Gabaldon, Andrea Calabrò. Effects of Task Conflict on Board Task Performance in Family Firms: The Importance of Board Openness. Journal of Family Business Strategy. 2020; 11 (2):100350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Mariateresa Torchia; Patricia Gabaldon; Andrea Calabrò. 2020. "Effects of Task Conflict on Board Task Performance in Family Firms: The Importance of Board Openness." Journal of Family Business Strategy 11, no. 2: 100350.
More than ever, corporate leaders consider the presence of different skills, knowledge, and experience in their boardrooms being important for boards' involvement throughout the whole strategy process. However, even though of great practical relevance, we have limited knowledge about how such diversity affects boards' active contribution to corporate strategy. Applying information-processing theory, we explore how job-related diversity may be an important determinant for boards' strategic participation. Using a survey database collected in Norway, we find that job-related diversity contributes to boards' strategic participation through directors' use of knowledge and skills.
Patricia Gabaldon; Sadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Max Bankewitz. How does job-related diversity affect boards' strategic participation? An information-processing approach. Long Range Planning 2018, 51, 937 -952.
AMA StylePatricia Gabaldon, Sadi Boĝaç Kanadlı, Max Bankewitz. How does job-related diversity affect boards' strategic participation? An information-processing approach. Long Range Planning. 2018; 51 (6):937-952.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gabaldon; Sadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Max Bankewitz. 2018. "How does job-related diversity affect boards' strategic participation? An information-processing approach." Long Range Planning 51, no. 6: 937-952.
This paper aims to analyze the relationships between women directors (a demographic characteristic) and organizational innovation (a predictor of firm performance) by considering the mediating role of the board’s decision-making culture. To scrutinize board processes and behaviors, we use survey data to test our hypotheses on a sample of 341 Norwegian firms. The results suggest that women directors contribute positively and significantly to organizational innovation. Furthermore, the positive relationship between women directors and the level of organizational innovation is mediated by some decision-making culture dimensions: the degree of cognitive conflict and the degree of preparation and involvement during board meetings. Implications for theory and practice and future research directions are discussed.
Mariateresa Torchia; Andrea Calabrò; Patricia Gabaldon; Sadi Bogac Kanadli. Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach. Scandinavian Journal of Management 2018, 34, 215 -224.
AMA StyleMariateresa Torchia, Andrea Calabrò, Patricia Gabaldon, Sadi Bogac Kanadli. Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 2018; 34 (2):215-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariateresa Torchia; Andrea Calabrò; Patricia Gabaldon; Sadi Bogac Kanadli. 2018. "Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach." Scandinavian Journal of Management 34, no. 2: 215-224.
Purpose Through an analysis of 15 Latin American countries, the purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of several institutional variables (economic, regulatory, and cultural), which affect women’s careers towards being members of boards of directors in the region. Design/methodology/approach Based on primary and secondary information, the authors carry out multivariate analyses to understand the institutional reasons affecting the reduced presence of women on boards of directors in the region. Findings Their findings reveal differences within the region, the importance of protecting women’s professional careers in the labour market, and the effect of cultural dimensions, such as masculinity and power distance. Research limitations and implications The analysis provides an updated cross-section of the institutional and cultural conditions of the 15 countries, considering the limitations to developing data in the region. Practical implications Latin America has witnessed important changes in the dynamics of the labour market over recent decades: women’s participation in the labour force is on the increase, and corporate strategy is evolving towards the incorporation of practices and initiatives to manage the diversity of their talents. However, the presence of women in leadership positions is a pending subject. This study, in part, reveals the institutional origin of gender inequality on boards of directors in the region. The analysis provides essential tools for public policy and for companies to help promote female leadership in the region. Originality/value Recent debate and research on the scarce participation of women on corporative boards of directors have revealed a growing interest in analysing the causes of such issues despite the progress recorded in terms of gender equity in most societies. Studies on the topic in Latin America are scarce and the aim of this paper is to help to fill part of this gap.
Lidia Heller; Patricia Gabaldon. Women on boards of directors in Latin America: building a model. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 2018, 31, 43 -72.
AMA StyleLidia Heller, Patricia Gabaldon. Women on boards of directors in Latin America: building a model. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración. 2018; 31 (1):43-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLidia Heller; Patricia Gabaldon. 2018. "Women on boards of directors in Latin America: building a model." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 1: 43-72.
Sadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Mariateresa Torchia; Patricia Gabaldon. Increasing women's contribution on board decision making: The importance of chairperson leadership efficacy and board openness. European Management Journal 2018, 36, 91 -104.
AMA StyleSadi Boĝaç Kanadlı, Mariateresa Torchia, Patricia Gabaldon. Increasing women's contribution on board decision making: The importance of chairperson leadership efficacy and board openness. European Management Journal. 2018; 36 (1):91-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadi Boĝaç Kanadlı; Mariateresa Torchia; Patricia Gabaldon. 2018. "Increasing women's contribution on board decision making: The importance of chairperson leadership efficacy and board openness." European Management Journal 36, no. 1: 91-104.
In this longitudinal study, we explore the co-evolution of the cognitive complexity of the CEO of Puma, Jochen Zeitz, and his view and initiatives on sustainability. Our purpose was to explore how the changes in a leader’s mindset relate to his/her views and actions on sustainability. In contrast to previous studies, we adopt an in-depth longitudinal case study approach to capture the role of leaders’ cognitive complexity in the context of corporate sustainability. By understanding the cognitive development of Zeitz as leader of Puma, we provide an important step toward understanding the co-evolution of leaders’ cognitive complexity and proactive corporate sustainability initiatives over time. Our findings show that as he developed a more complex mindset that also included non-business lenses, Zeitz developed a more inclusive understanding of sustainability and adopted proactive initiatives that went beyond business-as-usual. Our study also demonstrates that a longitudinal perspective can offer valuable insights for a better understanding of how individuals and their interactions affect and are affected by an organization’s strategies and performance, in corporate sustainability and beyond.
Stefan Groschl; Patricia Gabaldon; Tobias Hahn. The Co-evolution of Leaders’ Cognitive Complexity and Corporate Sustainability: The Case of the CEO of Puma. Journal of Business Ethics 2017, 155, 741 -762.
AMA StyleStefan Groschl, Patricia Gabaldon, Tobias Hahn. The Co-evolution of Leaders’ Cognitive Complexity and Corporate Sustainability: The Case of the CEO of Puma. Journal of Business Ethics. 2017; 155 (3):741-762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Groschl; Patricia Gabaldon; Tobias Hahn. 2017. "The Co-evolution of Leaders’ Cognitive Complexity and Corporate Sustainability: The Case of the CEO of Puma." Journal of Business Ethics 155, no. 3: 741-762.
Stefan Gröschl; Patricia Gabaldon. Leading Resistance to Doing Business as Usual. management revue 2017, 28, 204 -226.
AMA StyleStefan Gröschl, Patricia Gabaldon. Leading Resistance to Doing Business as Usual. management revue. 2017; 28 (2):204-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Gröschl; Patricia Gabaldon. 2017. "Leading Resistance to Doing Business as Usual." management revue 28, no. 2: 204-226.
We propose Edgar Morin’s notion of transdisciplinarity as a complementary educational perspective for preparing business school students in addressing the complex global socio-economic and environmental challenges that our planet has been facing for some time. Morin’s notion of transdisciplinarity spans various disciplines, both within disciplines and beyond individual disciplines. Morin’s transdisciplinary approach is inquiry driven and presents a systemic/humanistic vision and form of awareness that challenges habitually dualistic and simplistic thinking. Morin’s transdisciplinarity is based on a dialogical and translogical principle that extends classical and rigid logic and that helps students to explore and unify concepts of a simultaneous complementary and contradictory nature. Confronting students with different modes of thinking, imagining and feeling can help them to develop greater self-awareness, critical reflection, and creativity; with various frames of reference; and with an openness toward and confidence in engaging in changes needed to address global challenges in a sustainable and responsible way.
Stefan Gröschl; Patricia Gabaldon. Business Schools and the Development of Responsible Leaders: A Proposition of Edgar Morin’s Transdisciplinarity. Journal of Business Ethics 2016, 153, 185 -195.
AMA StyleStefan Gröschl, Patricia Gabaldon. Business Schools and the Development of Responsible Leaders: A Proposition of Edgar Morin’s Transdisciplinarity. Journal of Business Ethics. 2016; 153 (1):185-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Gröschl; Patricia Gabaldon. 2016. "Business Schools and the Development of Responsible Leaders: A Proposition of Edgar Morin’s Transdisciplinarity." Journal of Business Ethics 153, no. 1: 185-195.
Drawing on qualitative interviews, this study explores the life trajectories of 35 of the women directors with the most directorships in Norway. The interviews were conducted shortly after the implementation of the gender balance regulation for boards in public limited companies. This study offers insight into how structural changes in form of quotas and different life trajectories, including the accumulation and utilization of different types of capitals, have shaped women directors’ paths to these positions in multiple ways. We contribute by advancing theories about WoB and the use of national strategies. We found that the introduction of the quota law has, unsurprisingly, provided additional opportunities for the women in this study in terms of board positions. Nevertheless, we found diversity among the participants in this study. Hence, we demonstrate the importance of going beyond the surface level in order to understand diversity among women directors, including career trajectories and the accumulation and utilization of different forms of capitals. Building on Bourdieu’s ideas of multiple forms of capital, we explore how economic, cultural, social and symbolic forms of capitals have been accumulated and utilized differently by the women. We found that these women, albeit the majority of them not having the ‘conventional executive background’, have potentially relevant experiences and background for board positions. Hence, with the current focus on the use of strategies to increase women’s presence on boards, findings in this study suggest that the quota law in Norway has challenged the dominant ideas about suitability and desired background of directors beyond the ‘conventional executive path’.
Cathrine Seierstad; Patricia Gabaldon; Morten Huse; Stefan Gröschl. Women directors in Norway: the multiple paths to the boards. Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, 2016, 12215 .
AMA StyleCathrine Seierstad, Patricia Gabaldon, Morten Huse, Stefan Gröschl. Women directors in Norway: the multiple paths to the boards. Academy of Management Proceedings. 2016; 2016 (1):12215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCathrine Seierstad; Patricia Gabaldon; Morten Huse; Stefan Gröschl. 2016. "Women directors in Norway: the multiple paths to the boards." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1: 12215.
Review This paper seeks to provide a systematic review of the multidisciplinary theoretical approaches to women on boards in order to understand the factors that hinder and facilitate the access of women to boards, to show the instruments that can be used to promote women to senior corporate positions, and to outline a research agenda suggesting gaps that still need to be filled. Women's access to boards appears to be fragmented in research silos from a variety of areas, lacking a comprehensive view that provides instruments to overcome the barriers hindering the access of women to corporate boards. More in particular, this paper has found very little scientific analysis to understand what instruments can be the most efficient in eliminating barriers for women to reach boardrooms given different cultural environments. This paper aims to create a comprehensive framework for understanding the presence of women on boards and for indicating existing gaps to be filled by new research in the future. This framework will help future researchers in analyzing specific instruments and to measure their efficiency in eliminating gender imbalance. Depending on the approach taken for research, the theoretical backgrounds used vary. While on the supply side the predominant theories are gender role theory, gender self-schema, and work–family conflict, the demand side is based on gender discrimination, human and social capital theory, resource dependence theory, and institutional environment theory. This research provides suggestions to typify causes and provide nuanced policy tools to promote women into leadership positions. Future lines of research are proposed to fill the gaps in understanding female representation in top management positions.
Patricia Gabaldon; Celia De Anca; Ruth Mateos De Cabo; Ricardo Gimeno. Searching for Women on Boards: An Analysis from the Supply and Demand Perspective. Corporate Governance: An International Review 2015, 24, 371 -385.
AMA StylePatricia Gabaldon, Celia De Anca, Ruth Mateos De Cabo, Ricardo Gimeno. Searching for Women on Boards: An Analysis from the Supply and Demand Perspective. Corporate Governance: An International Review. 2015; 24 (3):371-385.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gabaldon; Celia De Anca; Ruth Mateos De Cabo; Ricardo Gimeno. 2015. "Searching for Women on Boards: An Analysis from the Supply and Demand Perspective." Corporate Governance: An International Review 24, no. 3: 371-385.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate alternative measures to better understand and measure success for self-employed mothers in addition to the usual financial indicators. Design/methodology/approach – The present study is a comparative analysis of time spent at work and undertaking childcare by female workers with children in Spain between 2009 and 2010, using a combination of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis based on the Time-Use Survey 2009-2010. Findings – The results of the paper indicate that self-employed working mothers tend to spend more time with their children when these are under the age of ten, and that they work longer hours than salaried mothers. Research limitations/implications – This paper has some limitations due to the quantitative approach to secondary data. Further qualitative research could clarify some of the findings; moreover the study is based on Spain, so extending to other countries would help validate the results. Social implications – Policy makers, in general – but more specifically in high unemployment scenarios – can facilitate self-employment for both men and women to reduce unemployment and to offer workers the prospect of a more balanced life. Originality/value – This research contributes to the existing literature, which fosters a more holistic approach to the analysis of female-run ventures by measuring performance using not only economic indicators, but also personal achievements.
Patricia Gabaldon; Celia De Anca; Concepcion Galdón. Measures of success for self-employed mothers in Spain. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2015, 21, 128 -145.
AMA StylePatricia Gabaldon, Celia De Anca, Concepcion Galdón. Measures of success for self-employed mothers in Spain. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2015; 21 (1):128-145.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gabaldon; Celia De Anca; Concepcion Galdón. 2015. "Measures of success for self-employed mothers in Spain." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, no. 1: 128-145.
Globalization is creating challenges which need to be addressed through new thinking. This panel symposium places these challenges at its heart and queries how firms, people and business schools can make a difference, with global leadership and as global leaders. For this panel symposium we have brought together an international group of scholars to engage in a conversation on 1) what firms can do to make a difference with global leadership, 2) what people can do to make a difference as global leaders, and 3) what business schools can do to educate global leaders who will make a difference. Building on current theoretical, conceptual and empirical work the panelists will examine contemporary issues by taking a fresh look at global leadership and querying in what ways global leaders (and global leadership) can make a difference in our world today and tomorrow. The organizers aim to engage the audience in this endeavor.
Åsa-Karin Engstrand; Patricia Gabaldon; Stefan Gröschl; Yih-Teen Lee; Gundula Lücke; Christof Miska; Fiona Moore; Verena J. Patock; Craig L. Pearce; Laurence Romani; Satu Teerikangas; Gretchen Vogelgesang Lester; Christina Louisa Wassenaar. "Making a Difference with Global Leadership: What Can Firms, People and Business Schools Do?". Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, 2015, 14710 -14710.
AMA StyleÅsa-Karin Engstrand, Patricia Gabaldon, Stefan Gröschl, Yih-Teen Lee, Gundula Lücke, Christof Miska, Fiona Moore, Verena J. Patock, Craig L. Pearce, Laurence Romani, Satu Teerikangas, Gretchen Vogelgesang Lester, Christina Louisa Wassenaar. "Making a Difference with Global Leadership: What Can Firms, People and Business Schools Do?". Academy of Management Proceedings. 2015; 2015 (1):14710-14710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÅsa-Karin Engstrand; Patricia Gabaldon; Stefan Gröschl; Yih-Teen Lee; Gundula Lücke; Christof Miska; Fiona Moore; Verena J. Patock; Craig L. Pearce; Laurence Romani; Satu Teerikangas; Gretchen Vogelgesang Lester; Christina Louisa Wassenaar. 2015. ""Making a Difference with Global Leadership: What Can Firms, People and Business Schools Do?"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1: 14710-14710.