Water is the most important resource; it is utilized largely in agricultural production and is fundamental to ensuring global food security. This study aims to assess sustainable water management interventions and their impact on the farm economy. To increase water productivity, the most important adaptations that have been proposed are high-efficiency irrigation systems, drought-resistant varieties, the substitution of water-intensive crops with less water-demanding crops, the mulching of soil, zero tillage, and all on-farm operations that can save water, especially ground water. The recent analysis utilized farm survey data from 469 representative farmers along with secondary statistics. The data were collected via a multi-stage sampling technique to ensure the availability of representative farm populations based on a comprehensive site selection criterion. The TOA-MD model estimates the adoption rate of a proposed adaptation based on net farm returns. The impact of high-efficiency irrigation systems and the substitution of high delta crops for low delta crops had a positive impact on net farm returns and per capita income, and a negative impact on farm poverty in the study area. It is recommended that policymakers consult farmer representatives about agricultural and water-related issues so that all the policies can be implemented properly.

Agricultural production systems are multidimensional, interlinked, complex and diverse, and need special attention to cope with changing climate, technology and changes in input and output market structure. Climate change is an evident phenomenon that drastically affects the agricultural production system. The developing countries mainly rely on farming activities for the needs of food and Fiber. This study aims to find climate change impacts and economic analysis of proposed adaptations and to formulate a climate-resilient agricultural production system. The primary and secondary data were collected by conducting a well-designed South Punjab survey. The secondary data about historical crop yields, socioeconomic profiles, climate data, and crop simulation results are incorporated into the model. The TOA-MD (Tradeoff analysis multidimensional impact assessment) model was used for the economic analysis. The results showed substantial negative impacts of climate change on farm income. The adaptations regarding climatic variations are present and increase the net farm returns adopted by farming communities, which are projected in public policies. The financial inclusion of the farming community is needed in terms of farm insurance and finance.

The study examines the environmental tendencies of female consumers in Turkey and Pakistan in relation to sustainable development goals. It examines how demographic factors such as age, education, income, occupation and marital status influence women's environmental values and their use of green products. Using a survey-based approach, the study finds similarities in environmental values between women in both countries, but differences in their personal impact on the environment. Turkish women are more likely to buy environmentally friendly products. The findings highlight the need for targeted social policies, including environmental education programmes and financial incentives, to promote sustainable consumption among women.