Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a wedge surface facilitates optimization, promotes industrial processes such as heat transfer, temperature regulation, material compatibility, energy efficiency and is very useful in equipment design. Due to this attention the current study focalizes the heat diffusion and mass transportation in ternary hybrid (TiO₂-AL₂O₃-SiO₂) nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking wedge geometry. Additionally, Ternary hybrid flow is examined under the impact of activation energy together with chemical reactions. The nanofluid flow process is structured using Modified Boungiorno Model together with framed set of partial differential equation (PDEs). The resulting systems is altered into non dimensional form of ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using transform functions and linearization is obtained through shooting technique. MATLAB bvp4c solver scheme is utilized for numerical findings of the problem. Influence of key parameters are analyzed on velocity, temperature, and concentration field. Fluid concentration intensifies via augmentation in activation rate whereas wedge stretching due to larger values of wedge angle, lessens velocity of fluid. Heat transportation escalate with higher values of fluid index, whereas negative trend is seen in case of higher value of Brownian parameter.

Nanofluids achieve high thermal transport efficiency by uniformly dispersing small particles in base liquids, significantly enhancing the heat transfer coefficients and making them vital in various thermal engineering applications. The research examines non-uniform thermal conductivity and activation energy critical for accurately describing fluid behaviour. The study incorporates bioconvection to prevent nanoparticle settling and ensure fluid stability through motile microorganisms. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations that are solved using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), to provide a strong mathematical framework for the analysis. This study finds that the velocity of the fluid decreases with magnetic constraint intensification and time retardation. however, heat transfer increases at higher radiation, and heat absorption/emission parameters but decreases with a higher Prandtl number, while an increased Schmidt number leads to decreased concentration profiles. This paper investigates a nano-Williamson fluid (NWF) flow over an exponentially stretched surface in a permeable medium, considering essential variables such as mixed convection, electromagnetic forces, non-linear thermal radiation, heat production, Joule heating and ohmic dissipation that are essential for understanding its complicated behavior.

The thrust to find new technology and materials has been greatly increasing due to environmental and technological challenges in the progressive world. Among new standard materials and advanced nano-materials that possess a huge potential and superior thermal, mechanical, optical, and magnetic properties, which have made them excellent and suitable components for mechanical engineering applications. The current review paper deals with recent enhancements and advances in the properties of nano-structured glasses and composites in terms of thermal and mechanical properties. A fabrication method of nano-structured glass has briefly been discussed and the phase change material (PCM) method outlined. The comprehensive review of thermal and optical properties confirms that nano-fabricated glasses show both direct and indirect running of band gaps depending on selective nano-structuring samples. The electrical and magnetic properties also show enhancement in electrical conductivity on nano-structured glasses compared to their standard counterparts. The realistic changes in thermal and mechanical properties of nano-structured glasses and composites are commonly attributed to many micro- and nano-structural distribution features like grain size, shape, pores, other flaws and defects, surface condition, impurity level, stress, duration of temperature effect on the selective samples. Literature reports that nano-structuring materials lead to enhanced phonon boundary scattering which reduces thermal conductivity and energy consumption.

The blade coating process is highly significant due to its extensive use in producing items like newspapers, photographic films, fibers, catalogs, and magnetic storage media. Its economic impact has increased the trend to understand the involved physical mechanisms to optimize the process. This study utilizes Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm combined with a backpropagated artificial neural network to analyze the steady, incompressible heat transfer analysis in the blade coating process using viscoelastic nanofluid model with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and non-linear slip effects. The mathematical equations are modeled with the use of lubrication approximation theory, and then, these normalized ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved numerically using boundary value problem fourth-order collocation (bvp4c) method. The coated thickness is calculated iteratively with the help of the Regula–Falsi method by imposed zero pressure at entering and exiting points of the sheet. This work explores how changes in physical parameters affect flow characteristics and mechanical properties of the blade coating process are investigated with help of various graphs and tables. With increasing MHD parameter value, the coating thickness increased 65.97% and 63.66% for plane and exponential coaters as compared to the Newtonian value. Additionally, as the slip parameter values increased the blade load increased by 601.79% and 599.48% for plane and exponential coater from Newtonian value.