Background/Objectives: Observational studies have reported comorbidity between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and physical frailty, but their genetic interplay remains incompletely understood. This study evaluated shared genetic architecture and potential causal relationships between DR severity and frailty-related phenotypes (FRPs). Methods: GWAS summary statistics were analyzed for four DR phenotypes (broad DR, background DR [BDR], severe non-proliferative DR, and proliferative DR [PDR]) and six FRPs, including frailty index (FI), appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength (HGS), and walking pace (UWP). Global and local genetic correlations were estimated using LDSC, HDL, and LAVA. Causality was assessed using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and latent causal variable (LCV) analyses. Biological mechanisms were investigated using partitioned heritability, cross-trait meta-analysis, Bayesian colocalization, tissue and cell enrichment, prioritization (MAGMA/TWAS), and 3D chromatin annotation. Results: BDR and PDR showed positive genetic correlations with FI and negative correlations with UWP. Local genetic correlation analyses identified 82 significant regions, including signals on chromosome 6. MR supported a directional effect in which genetic liability to DR was associated with higher FI and lower HGS, with no evidence of reverse causation. LCV indicated partial genetic causality within a shared polygenic architecture. Cross-trait meta-analysis and colocalization highlighted the MHC region, prioritizing C2, AIF1, NOTCH4, and EHMT2. Additional non-MHC loci included the BCL2L15 gene cluster and TERF1. Conclusions: DR and frailty share genetic determinants involving neurovascular, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory pathways, supporting an association between DR liability and frailty-related decline. Future longitudinal and functional studies are needed to validate these findings and assess candidate pleiotropic genes.

Background: Ocular drug delivery is hindered by the eye’s complex anatomy and multiple physiological barriers. Because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and capacity to prolong drug retention, hydrogels have emerged as promising platforms for ocular drug delivery. This study provides a bibliometric and visual analysis of research on hydrogel-based ocular drug delivery from 1991 to 25 August 2025. Methods: Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and screened for relevance. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package were used to analyze annual publication trends, contributions and collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors, core journals, and evolving research themes. Results: A total of 1354 publications (991 articles and 363 reviews) were included. Annual output increased markedly after 2007–2008, reflecting rapid growth in this field. China and the USA were the leading contributors, and the University of Florida was the most productive institution. Keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and burst analyses identified in situ hydrogels, tissue engineering applications, and anti-VEGF delivery as major research hotspots. Conclusions: This study maps the growth and diversification of hydrogel-based ocular drug delivery research, revealing a shift toward disease- and segment-specific applications, with controlled-release, stimuli-responsive systems, injectable hydrogels, and anti-VEGF as emerging research priorities.