Functional foods promote health benefits in human metabolism, with bioactive compounds acting as therapeutic agents. The aim was to investigate the biological effects of a pâté made of pork hearts and aortas, minced, sterilised and packed in tins. Adults (61–66 years old) with a body mass index of 26.4–60.7 kg/m² (n = 36) were randomly divided into two groups: one group consumed a low-calorie diet (LCD), while the other consumed an LCD with the developed meat product (MP) for 28–30 days. Serum biochemical parameters, anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Consumption of an LCD + MP by experimental group participants helped to maintain reduced cholesterol levels. The difference in total cholesterol was significantly different (p = 0.018) from that of the control group, mainly due to the difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.005). Six peptides with potential cholesterol-binding properties and four peptides with potential antioxidant activity were identified in the MP, while elevation of the content of two peptides with potential angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity was detected in patients’ plasma. Intervention with the MP can be considered as a supportive therapy to the main treatment for medical cardiovascular diseases due to a positive effect on serum cholesterol.

Eurasian clinical practice guidelines for dietary management of cardiovascular diseases include actual healthy diet recommendations and modern dietary approaches for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nutritional assessment and interventions based on pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are presented.Modern nutritional and dietary recommendations for patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, dyslipidemia and gout are summarized in present recommendations. Particular attention is paid to the dietary management of cardiovascular patients with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. This guide would be interesting and intended to a wide range of readers, primarily cardiologists, dietitians and nutritionists, general practitioners, endocrinologists, and medical students.

Анализ фактического питания больных семейной гиперхолестеринемией

BACKGROUND: the study of molecular genetic markers and pathogenetic mechanisms of neurohormonal activation, as well as their importance in the formation of heart failure in obesity, is an urgent problem of modern medicine, the solution of which will allow effective prevention of cardiovascular complications, optimize treatment and improve the prognosis of obese patients. AIMS: search for genetic markers presumably involved in the pathogenesis of secondary diastolic heart failure in patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR-diagnostics of whole blood of 104 patients with obesity was carried out, which were divided into 2 groups, depending on the presence of diastolic heart failure. The following candidate genes were analyzed: angiotensinogen AGT gene (C521T and T704C), angiotensin II receptor gene of the first type AGTR1 (A1166C), angiotensin II receptor gene of the second type AGTR2 (G1675A), aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2 (C (-344) T). RESULTS: It is shown that the development of secondary diastolic heart failure in obese individuals of both sexes is associated with the mutation of the aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2, namely, with the replacement of the C allele at the -344 position by the T allele and the presence of the T / T genotype. The relative risk of developing the disease with the T / T genotype was 5.93 times higher in men (p = 0.008) and 4.57 times in women (p = 0.014). For men, the mutation of the angiotensinogen AGT gene, namely the replacement of the allele C at position 521 by the T allele, is important. At the same time, the relative risk of development of SDS in the T / T genotype is increased by 4.26 times (p = 0.039). Mutations of the genes of the angiotensin II receptor of the first type AGTR1 (A1166C) and the angiotensin II receptor of the second type AGTR2 (G1675A) are not associated with the development of diastolic heart failure in obese patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented can be used to stratify the risk of secondary heart failure in obese individuals.

Background. Inadequate supply with vitamins is a risk factor for the development of many nutritionally-related diseases and their progression. Data on the actual vitamin status of patients are necessary to develop measures for its improvement. Aim. To characterize the supply of persons with non-communicable diseases with vitamins A, E, C, B2 and -carotene by determining their level in the blood of patients. Material and methods. The blood serum level of vitamins C, A, E, B2 and -carotene in 138 patients (41 men and 97 women) 2280 years old with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, gastrointestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoarthrosis has been determined. Results. Vitamin C concentration corresponded to adequate status in approximately 2/3 of the examined patients; among patients with T2DM, such sufficiency occurred 1.61.9 fold less often than in other groups. The frequency of reduced levels of vitamins C, A and E was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The -/-tocopherol ratio in the serum of patients in all groups was close to 1:50, while in patients with gastrointestinal diseases reached 1:60.7. The proportion of patients sufficiently supplied with all studied vitamins ranged from 15.8 to 70.0%. Patients with osteoarthrosis were best of all provided with all vitamins: multiple (3 or more vitamins) vitamin deficiency was not found. In other groups of patients, multiple vitamin deficiency occurred in 5.327.6% of the examined (an average of 16.4%). Among patients with gastrointestinal diseases there was not a single person sufficiently provided with all the studied vitamins. Multiple vitamin deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal diseases was detected more often (p 0.01) compared with patients with T2DM and osteoarthrosis. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it is possible to extrapolate that a significant proportion of patients with a combined deficiency of 2 vitamins (6.931.6% in the samples examined) will move into the category of persons with a simultaneous deficiency of 3 vitamins. Conclusion. The purposeful development of supplements containing effective doses of vitamins for various nosologies is necessary.