The Fourth Industrial Revolution is opening up new opportunities and challenges for all industries, professions, and fields, aiming to bring humanity more optimal tools and services. During the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digital transformation has been one of the most critical problems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are two technologies that have the potential to cause the biggest breakout to evolve in the educational domain. In recent years, digital transformation has seen implementation across all sectors, including education, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and other smart ecosystems. Among those areas, education, especially higher education, is among the most challenging due to the diversity in training programs, duration, and subjects. The Internet of Things makes it possible to create smart and ubiquitous learning environments, while artificial intelligence can completely transform the way we learn and teach. In this paper, we present the digital transformation process in higher education in Vietnam and internationally and analyze some characteristics of Vietnamese higher education in the digital transformation process. Moreover, we present the vision, approach, and challenges to digital transformation at universities of low- and middle-income countries from the perspective of the Hung Yen University of Technology and Education in Vietnam.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) resulting from traumatic brain injury is a serious issue, often leading to death or long-term disability if not promptly diagnosed. Currently, doctors primarily use Computerized Tomography (CT) scans to detect and precisely locate a hemorrhage, typically interpreted by radiologists. However, this diagnostic process heavily relies on the expertise of medical professionals. To address potential errors, computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed. In this study, we propose a new method that enhances the localization and segmentation of ICH lesions in CT scans by using multiple images created through different data augmentation techniques. We integrate residual connections into a U-Net-based segmentation network to improve the training efficiency. Our experiments, based on 82 CT scans from traumatic brain injury patients, validate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving an IOU score of 0.807 ± 0.03 for ICH segmentation using 10-fold cross-validation.

The paper focuses on faulty actuator problems in an industrial robot using servomotors, and provides an adaptive sliding mode control law to overcome this circumstance. Because of multifarious reasons, robot actuators can undergo a variety of failures, such as locked or stuck joints, free-swinging joints, and partial or total loss of actuation effectiveness. The robot behavior will become worsen if the system controller has not been designed with adequate faulty tolerance. The proportional degradation of actuator torque at unknown degrees of loss, which is one type of partial loss of actuation effectiveness, is considered in this study to design a suitable controller. The robot model is constructed with uncertain parameters and unknown friction, whereas the controller uses only the approximate parameters. Symmetry and skew-symmetry give important contributions in robot modeling and transformation, as well as in the process of proving the system stability. An adjustable coefficient vector of the proposed controller can adaptively reach the upper bounds of an uncertain parametric vector, which guarantees the criterion of Lyapunov stability. In the numerical simulation stage, the selected industrial robot is a Serpent 1 robot with three degrees of freedom. A quasi-physical model based on MATLAB/Simscape Multibody for the robot is built and used in order to increase the reliability of the simulation performance closer to reality. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposal control methodology in the presence of the mentioned failure. The controller can still deliver satisfactory responses to the robot system under reasonable levels of actuator torque degradation.

Optical payloads are widely used in many fields, such as aerospace, drones, autonomous vehicles, or other highly precise instrumentation. Vibration is one of the causes that greatly affect the quality of data of highly precise optical payloads. Recently, many researcher focuses on isolating the vibration for the precise equipment, those study just only mention the overcoming of vibration in one or two directions, but in reality, an object will exist vibration in six directions in space. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new mechanism that can isolate vibration in six axes in space. The parallel mechanism is considered a viable system because of its strengths in accuracy, rigidity, and stability. In this research, the author proposes a novel 6-DOF passive vibration isolator based on the Steward platform with S-shaped legs. We have developed a 6-DOF passive vibration isolator using the S-shaped non-linear stiffness and damping characteristics. In this study, the model parameters of a vibration isolator device with legs using an S-shaped will be proposed. Based on geometrical parameters and vibration sources and some loads assuming the structure's durability problem will be calculated and evaluated the efficiency of the isolator at different frequencies. With the specially designed S-shaped it can be deformity like a spring, and with the change of structural and material parameters, we can adjust the system's stiffness and damping capacity. Due to the high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness of each leg, and thus it is designable to isolate very well vibration isolation performance in all six directions. This research is organized as firstly the kinematics and 3D model are introduced. Secondly, the stiffness matrix of the novel 6-DOF passive vibration isolators is presented. Statics analysis of the 6-DOF passive vibration isolators revealed that the S-shaped structure provides sufficient load-carrying capacity and isolation due to its very good static nonlinear stiffness. The dynamic stiffness of the isolator in this study in each direction is very low but does not reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structure. By changing the structure and material parameters (which is very simple in a purely passive manner), we can completely adjust both the dynamic and static stiffness of the mechanism. The last series of numerical simulation results on displacement and a statics response in random excitation is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed 6-DOF passive vibration isolator, as well as the influence of structural parameters on vibration attenuation performance. The simulation results with the different exciting are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the 6-DOF passive vibration isolators. Considering its simulation results A proposed new 6-DOF isolator will be applied in various engineering practices with multi-degree of freedom vibration isolation such as for precise optical payloads.

Hands-free computer interaction is a key topic in assistive technology, with camera-based and voice-based systems being the most common methods. Recent camera-based solutions leverage facial expressions or head movements to simulate mouse clicks or key presses, while voice-based systems enable control via speech commands, wake-word detection, and vocal gestures. However, existing systems often suffer from limitations in responsiveness and accuracy, especially under real-world conditions. In this paper, we present 3-Modal Human-Computer Interaction (3M-HCI), a novel interaction system that dynamically integrates facial, vocal, and eye-based inputs through a new signal processing pipeline and a cross-modal coordination mechanism. This approach not only enhances recognition accuracy but also reduces interaction latency. Experimental results demonstrate that 3M-HCI outperforms several recent hands-free interaction solutions in both speed and precision, highlighting its potential as a robust assistive interface.

The design and control of lower-limb rehabilitation robots for patients after a stroke has gained significant attention. This paper presents the dynamic analysis and control of a 3-degrees-of-freedom lower-limb rehabilitation robot using combined position–force control based on the force feed-forward and compensative gravity proportional derivative methods. In the lower-limb rehabilitation robot, the interaction force between the patient with the joints and links of the robot is uncertain and nonlinear due to the disturbance effect of Coriolis force, centrifugal force, gravitational force, and friction force. During recovery stages, the forces exerted by the patient’s lower limbs are also considered disturbances. Therefore, to meet the quality requirements in using the rehabilitation robot with different recovery stages of patient training, combining position control and force control is essential. In this paper, we proposed a combination of proportional–derivative gravity compensation motion control and force feed-forward control to form an advanced combined controller (position–force feed-forward control—PFFC) for a 3 DOF lower-limb functional rehabilitation robot. The forces can be sensed using a 3-axis force sensor. In addition, the robot’s position parameters are also measured by encoders. The control algorithm is implemented on the STM32F4 Discovery board. A verified test of the proposed control method is shown in the experiments, showing the good performance of the system.