This study was conducted to investigate the perspectives of sports science students on factors affecting distance learning in the setting of Indonesian higher education institutions (HEIs). This study proposed an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) with eight variables; experience, enjoyment, self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, intention to use, and actual use. An online survey was used to collect data from 1291 respondents. The structural model was examined through the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The multi-group analysis (MGA) was conducted to understand the role of geographical areas in moderating all hypothetical relationships. The findings show that the respondents were not excited about online learning due to weak means (below 3) for most items of five variables; enjoyment, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention to use. All relationships were supported except the relationship between experience and perceived usefulness. The strongest significant relationship emerged between intention to use and actual use. Meanwhile, the least significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and perceived usefulness. Three out of 12 hypotheses were confirmed regarding the differences of geographical areas (rural and urban) regarding all relationship paths. The findings add to a deeper understanding of the acceptability of distance learning during pandemics like COVID-19.

Pandemic Covid-19 menimpa semua negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia dan terjadi mortalitas sebagian besar adalah lansia. Upaya meningkatkan penampilan, kesejahteraan, dan kebugaran lansia melalui olahraga. Senam aerobic dengan instensitas ringan adalah mudah, murah, dan dapat meriah serta bermanfaat karena dilakukan di dalam rumah dan akan menyebabkan denyut jantung lansia masuk ke dalam training zone sehingga akan memenuhi tuntutan dan persyaratan pelatihan. Para lansia selama pandemic Covid-19 diarahkan melakukan senam dan berusaha mencapai target, yaitu berlatih tiga sampai lima kali seminggu dengan waktu latihan 30 sampai 60 menit.

To date, the mental toughness index (MTI) has been adopted in five different languages ​​but there has been no attempt to adapt and test it in the Indonesian context. On the other hand, the study of mental toughness is experiencing an upward trend but there are problems with the measurement tools used. This research aims to adapt and test the MTI to the Indonesian context by involving athletes and non-athletes as well as gender differences. There were 400 participants, with details of the athlete group = 211 people (Mage = 19.18 years, SD = 1.06, Male = 146, Female = 65), non-athlete group = 189 people (Mage = 23.38 years, SD = 7.11, Male = 144, Female = 45), and based on gender, male = 290 people (Mage = 21.38 years, SD = 5.41), while female = 110 people (Mage = 20.61 years, SD = 5.24). MTI was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood (ML) assisted by the IBM SPSS v.26 and IBM Amos v. programs. 22. Overall, the Indonesian version of MTI (MTIid) shows model fit, namely the values ​​obtained are CFI = .967, TLI = .954, GFI = .966, SRMR = .034, and RMSEA = .069. Eight items in the MTIid have a convergent validity value that is statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the loading factor is very good (λ = .563 to .759), three items are in the excellent category, two items are very good, and three items are good. The internal consistency reliability of the MTIid was excellent (CR = .864; α = .862). MTIid is a valid and reliable measuring tool for measuring aspects of mental toughness, both in groups of athletes and non-athletes and based on gender differences (male and female). Keywords: Mental toughness, psychometric, validation, sport psychology, athlete, non-athlete.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterampilan gerak dasar sepakbola. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri 2 Majene dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 20 orang menggunakan random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis korelasi dan regresi dengan menggunakan sistem SPSS Versi 24.00 pada taraf signifikan 95% atau α_0,05. Bertolak dari hasil analisis data, maka penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: tingkat keterampilan gerak dasar sepakbola pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Majene memiliki kategori sedang atau cukup baik, ini dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil yang dicapai untuk kategori baik sebanyak 7 orang (35%), kategori cukup sebanyak 7 orang (35%), untuk kategori kurang sebanyak 4 orang (20%) dan kategori kurang sekali sebanyak 2 orang (10%), sedangkan untuk kategori baik sekali tidak ada hasil keterampilan sepakbola untuk teknik dribling pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Majene.

Objectives. The study aimed to provide a systematic review of physical training methods to improve the physical condition components of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Materials and methods. An extensive literature assessment of earlier research was carried out. The objective was to examine articles published between 2020 and 2024 that describe strategies for improving the physical condition component of taekwondo athletes. The electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The articles that addressed methods for enhancing physical condition through exercise were compiled. Results. Sixty publications used training approaches to enhance the physical condition component of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Based on the physical state that is assessed and improved, items are categorized. Among the physical training methods that can be applied in the Taekwondo category of kyorugi are plyometric training, circuit training methods, speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) training; strength training, endurance training, flexibility training, reaction training, power training, coordination training, balance training, resistance training, and functional training. Conclusions. After thorough analysis, several training techniques have been shown to be effective in enhancing the physical attributes of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. These attributes include flexibility, response, strength, power, coordination, agility, speed, balance, and VO₂max.