This study aims to adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2Id). Data were obtained from a total of 268 (male = 154 and female = 114) elite athletes of Papua Indonesia with an age range of 16 to 43 years (M = 22.40 ± 5.01). Furthermore, language adaptation and validation were carried out through a forward-backward translation process using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). An internal consistency approach was used to test for the reliability based on Construct Reliability (CR). The results evaluating the fit of the models showed that the SAS-2Id fits based on RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and PNFI. The three dimensions of SAS-2Id had standardized coefficient values from .77 to .81, with a significant p-value of ≤ .001. The SAS-2Id item factor loading values ranged from .51 to .88, indicating that it is above the recommended threshold (≥ .50). Furthermore, the reliability test carried out using the internal consistency approach discovered that the dimensions of worry (AVE = .60) and concentration disruption (AVE = .50) were above the recommended cutoff points. In contrast, the somatic dimension had the lowest value (AVE = .35). However, from the other two reliability test parameters, it was discovered that the CR and Cronbach's Alpha values were from .73 to .88 and .71 to .88, respectively, which indicated good reliability values. Therefore, the psychometric property at the Indonesian version of the SAS-2 is a valid and reliable measuring instrument for anxiety levels.

Background and Study Aim. This study aims to describe and explore the anthropometric, physical, psychological, and personality traits of elite Papuan Indonesian athletes in seven different sports, namely weightlifting, rowing, cricket, futsal gateball, sailing, and hang-gliding. Material and Methods. A total of 118 athletes (80 men, 38 women with a mean age of 25.05±6.9) from these seven categories were selected. Furthermore, the anthropometric measurement consists of height, weight, and body mass index. At the same time, physical ability is made up of five components, namely flexibility, arm muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength, leg muscle power, and aerobic endurance. The psychological ability and personality characteristics were also measured using the Psychological Skill Inventory for Sport (PSIS) and the Athlete's Personality Inventory (IKA). Results. There were significant differences in the six variables (p0.05). The six variables include height, BMI, arm and abdominal muscle strength, leg muscle power, and aerobic endurance with F and p-values of 3.052 and 0.008 (p<0.01), 3.497 and 0.003 (p<0.01), 9.822 and 0.001 (p<0.01), 11.855 and .001 (p <0.01), 52.747 and 0.001 (p<0.01), and 11.298 and 0.001 (p0.05). Aerobic endurance variables, in general, had a significant relationship with anthropometric variables and other physical aspects. However, psychological variables and personality characteristics did not significantly correlate with other variables. Conclusions. The anthropometric and physical aspects of athletes tended to have differences based on sports. However, psychological variables and personality characteristics had no relationship with physical and anthropometric aspects.

The National Sports Week (known in Bahasa Indonesia as Pekan Olahraga Nasional or PON) consumes a large budget as Indonesia’s largest multi-sports event. This raises the question of whether it is only a sporting event or has an impact on society. Studies related to multi-sports events, specifically in the form of local or small-scale, such as PON, are still limited in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate six important domains (constructs) of the 20th PON (PON XX) held in Papua in 2021: sports event image, motivation, satisfaction, stadium atmosphere, environment, and perception of the impacts. In addition, this study assessed the correlations between those six constructs and associations between the explanatory variables (gender, distance of residence, and involvement in the sporting event) and those six constructs. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess those six constructs and the explanatory variables. We included 675 respondents aged between 17–57 years, with a mean age of 22.87 years in the study. The results showed that the implementation of PON XX was positively received by the community and their highest motivation to watch this event was for entertainment. The involvement of the participant in the event was significantly associated with sports event image, satisfaction, motivation, stadium atmosphere, environment, and the perception of PON impact. The distance of the residence from the venues was only significantly associated with the perceived impact of PON XX on the community while gender had no association with all six constructs. There was a strong correlation between the other five investigated constructs and the perceived impact of PON XX.

Background: A systematic and comprehensive mental training program to enhance athletes’ mental toughness is critical. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of athletes’ systematic mental training programs. Methods: A mental toughness training program was developed, and the validity and reliability were tested on experts, practitioners, and athletes. Training program was analyzed using content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI) and modified Kappa (k *). Furthermore, estimation of reliability of mental training model was analyzed by internal consistency approach with Cronbach’s alpha and inter-rater reliability (IRR) approach by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Result: A mental toughness training circle (MTTC) was successfully developed with four sections: general preparatory, specific preparatory, precompetitive, and competitive with 11 mental skills (positive thinking, mental log, goal-setting, breathing, relaxation, concentration, self-talk, mental imagery, leadership, managing anxiety, and managing emotions). Validation assessment found that the I-CVI and S-CVI values (S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA) were 1.00, each suggesting excellent content validity. The modified Kappa value (k*) was 1 and categorized as excellent. The results of the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha showed that a value was in the range 0.723 to 0.835 with an overall value of 0.803. The results of the ICC analysis also confirmed that MTTC had a very high reliability coefficient value of 0.803. In addition, there was no significant difference from respondents’ assessment as proved by obtaining value of F=0.754 with a p=0.644 (>0.05). This suggested that respondents tend to be consistent in assessing MTTC as a mental training set which was categorized as relevant (scale 3) or very relevant (scale 4). Conclusion: MTTC which has four sections with 11 mental skills is a set of mental training programs that have high quality. Further studies to validate this program in a bigger sample size is required.

There are no studies that comprehensively discuss mental toughness, religiosity, and satisfaction based on gender, type of sport, and different school levels, especially in the context of elite youth athletes. In fact, this variable is believed to be a very important construct in relation to athletes' performance and achievements on the field. The purpose of this research is to explore athlete’s mental toughness, religiosity, and life happiness based on gender, type of sport, and school level. A total of 97 elite youth athletes were included in the study (age = 15.22 ± 1.34; F = 36, M = 61). Research data were collected using standard instruments used by scientists around the world, namely the Mental Toughness Index (MTI), Spirituality in Sports Test (SIST), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Analysis of variance, correlation, and path analysis were used to understand more deeply the three research variables based on the athlete’s gender, type of sport, and school level. This study found that there was a significant difference only in the athlete's religiosity variable based on school level (F = 6.212, p ≤ .01). Athletes' mental toughness has a significant relationship with religiosity (r = .343; ρ = .323; p ≤ .01) and happiness in life (r = .340; ρ = .200; p ≤ .01). Apart from that, it also appears that religiosity has a significant relationship with happiness in life (r = .475; ρ = .406; p ≤ .01) and athlete age is significantly correlated with religiosity (r = .233; ρ = .200; p ≤ .05). Athletes' mental toughness has a significant relationship directly to satisfaction and indirectly through religiosity. These three variables have an important role in competitive sports so coaches or athlete coaches need to provide psychological intervention to improve these three variables. Keywords: elite youth athletes, mental toughness, religiosity, satisfaction.

To date, the mental toughness index (MTI) has been adopted in five different languages ​​but there has been no attempt to adapt and test it in the Indonesian context. On the other hand, the study of mental toughness is experiencing an upward trend but there are problems with the measurement tools used. This research aims to adapt and test the MTI to the Indonesian context by involving athletes and non-athletes as well as gender differences. There were 400 participants, with details of the athlete group = 211 people (Mage = 19.18 years, SD = 1.06, Male = 146, Female = 65), non-athlete group = 189 people (Mage = 23.38 years, SD = 7.11, Male = 144, Female = 45), and based on gender, male = 290 people (Mage = 21.38 years, SD = 5.41), while female = 110 people (Mage = 20.61 years, SD = 5.24). MTI was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood (ML) assisted by the IBM SPSS v.26 and IBM Amos v. programs. 22. Overall, the Indonesian version of MTI (MTIid) shows model fit, namely the values ​​obtained are CFI = .967, TLI = .954, GFI = .966, SRMR = .034, and RMSEA = .069. Eight items in the MTIid have a convergent validity value that is statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the loading factor is very good (λ = .563 to .759), three items are in the excellent category, two items are very good, and three items are good. The internal consistency reliability of the MTIid was excellent (CR = .864; α = .862). MTIid is a valid and reliable measuring tool for measuring aspects of mental toughness, both in groups of athletes and non-athletes and based on gender differences (male and female). Keywords: Mental toughness, psychometric, validation, sport psychology, athlete, non-athlete.