In recent decades, Ukraine has undergone large socio-political transformations, which have also been reflected in the urbanization processes. The war in the East of Ukraine caused equally important internal and external migration of the population. There was also a change of business locations from the eastern regions to the central (capital) and western (Lviv as a regional center). Economic fluctuations are causing stagnation and booms in the construction industry. With the growth of GDP, Ukrainians traditionally invest excess revenues in real estate. An analysis of the dynamics of housing construction in Ukraine has shown that the Kiev region ranks first place of the housing construction area that put into operation by 2016 (3398.8 thousand square meters), while the Lviv region ranks second with an index of 859.2 thousand sq.m. The main construction is concentrated in the cities-centers of the regions, which have a metropolitan character. There is also a rapid reactivation of the suburban segment, which is explained not only by the outcome from the recession, but also by the fact that demand in the primary housing market is still concentrated in low-cost and small-sized apartments. In the remaining regions, this indicator is much lower - in Odessa 575.9 thousand square meters and in Ivano-Frankivsk 480.8 thousand square meters, and further this indicator reaches only 10-20% relative to the leaders. In the unchanged boundaries conditions of the city, the basic concept is an "urban concentration". For each city, the issue of new urban density is to find a balance between further concentration of the city's development, and the preservation of unbuilt territories. The practice of building, for example, of acutely deficient in the housing market habitation during the last decade, shows rather a developer example of the intensification of the usage of territories. Today, 234 residential complexes are registered in Lviv, and there are 360 residential complexes in Kyiv with a separate allocated area, formed by a group of dwelling houses and adjoining territories, or a multi-sectional building and an adjoining site. In order to understand the magnitude of the density index, we note that for multi-apartment buildings of more than 9 floors the normative density indicator in Ukraine, which provides comfort of living and functional and communicative filling, is 142 people / ha. It should be noted that in a Vienna, which is one of the most comfortable cities for life according to the consulting organization MERCER, a similar average statistical indicator of density for 2016 is 176 people/ha. Thus, today in Ukraine one can observe the search for forms of development of a compact city, which takes place by modernizing and consolidating of the cities which are territorially outstreched and developed during the period of socialism.

Due to the turbulent history, unstable political situation, and the diverse ethnic composition of the population, there are numerous and varied cultural heritage objects in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland area, which has also developed characteristic landscape forms. The aim of the paper is to identify the elements of Polish cultural heritage that have remained in the collective memory of inhabitants of the Ukrainian side of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland 75 years after the forced relocation. The questionnaire survey was carried out in 2019 in selected cities of Eastern Galicia, namely, Zhovkva, Mostyska, Horodok, and Rava-Ruska. The study demonstrated that even 75 years after the forced relocation, Polish cultural heritage is still alive and has an effect on the development of the border towns and cities of Eastern Galicia. It is the elements of non-material culture, including the gastronomic culture of relocated nations, that have been preserved the best in the collective memory of borderland inhabitants. The Ukrainian population also demonstrated a good knowledge of Polish traditions and Catholic feasts as well as folk songs and Christmas carols. These are “cultural heritage bridges” that may serve as both a forum for mutual understanding and a platform for a dialogue and cooperation.

The article is devoted to the study of a new residential area in Lviv, called Pid Holosko. It describes the process of formation of the district, from historical to the present day, and its participation in the development of the city. On the basis of the research identified the main characteristics of the new urban development, the number of houses built and the prospects for its development, the number of inhabitants, the intensity of buildings, the provision of educational institutions and recreation. The main urban characteristics of the region as well as phenomena that accompany present-day processes of urban development in Ukraine are investigated. The article is divided by the main types of urban characteristics into the stage of formation, indicators of residential construction and population, the state of social and infrastructural infrastructure and the forecasted prospective development. Problem statement. New residential suburb Holosko today is one of the largest housing estates in Lviv, with implementation rate growing day by day. The gradual development of such a city-building structure leads to problems such as: lack of educational institutions and social services, underdeveloped street and transport infrastructure, lack of parking spaces, the lack of public spaces and elements of sports infrastructure, etc. In order to solve these problems, an analysis of the processes of formation and current development of Pid Holosko is needed, with the aim of developing a comprehensive concept of the city's development. An analysis of recent research and publications. Up until now, the development of the residential micro-region Pid Holosko has not actually been investigated. The main materials are the elaborated construction documents and the authors' own research. The planning structure and energy supply of the district at the municipal level was studied in the studies of L. Shuldan. The aim of this article is to investigate the peculiarities of formation of the new residential micro-district of Pid Holosko and to carry out an integrated analysis of its urban characteristics. On the basis of the conducted research the main problems associated with the fast pace of development of the area and the determination of its development trends in conditions of modern urban development processes were defined.

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications. However, the presence of archaic ancient Kievan Rus’ traditions continued in the lands of Podillia up to the 18th century, which is proved by the inventory plans taken by cartographers of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. We distinguish between the two main types of fortifications which formed the basis of urban development and influenced their urban model. The first one is called spontaneous – it was formed without any integral plan; the second type is a regular one – the location of the defense system, market square, and sacral structures was designed according to the carefully developed plan. The basis of our research methodology is the fact that the planning structure of the historic city was invariable during the 16th-17th centuries and the works on the relics of ancient planning that have been preserved up to present (mentioned above cadastral prints). The stability of a design structure depended on the following factors: 1) slow colonization process in the border areas and, as a result, low urban growth 2) insufficient funding of the modernization of urban fortifications by the owner, possessor or the state 3) stable estate property management system which regulated the size of the plots. This systematization indicates that the application of regular principles in the city foundation on the steppe border is an exception rather than the usual phenomenon. On the territory between rivers Dniester and Bug we identified 15 cities and fortifications having features of regular planning, and 148 – spontaneous. Thus, the two models of urban development of the Ukrainian cities located on the steppe border in the 16th–17th centuries are analyzed. The analysis proves a close interrelation between the model of urban development and its defense system. It is defined three plans of urban development of border cities: 1. Conservation of urban planning structure of spontaneous planning due to economic stagnation or inappropriateness in the modernization of urban fortifications (Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Khmilnyk). 2. Development of a new city using the idea in cruda radice according to modern principles of fortifications of the 17th century and principles of regular city planning (Yampil, Rashkiv, Kalush). 3. Combination of old spontaneous and regular model principles of urban development in the process of modernization. The proposed method of identification of city elements by cadastral prints can be used only in combination with a careful evaluation of information on the settlement history, and by comparing it with historical context and events, as well as with a full-scale survey of preserved relics on the area