Numerous developing countries’ socioeconomic and political issues resulted in a significant migratory phenomenon, which poses a health burden for the nations that receive migrant populations. Often, the greatest age group of migrants is children and teens. Oral problems are one of the most common reasons that immigrants in the receiving nations visit the healthcare system. Cross-sectional research was conducted on children and teenagers housed at the Temporary Stay Center for Immigrants (CETI) of the Autonomous City of Melilla (Spain) with the aim of identifying the state of the oral cavity of these group of migrants. Information on the condition of the research group’s oral cavity was gathered using the World Health Organization’s standards. The research comprised all of the children and teenagers who were enrolled in the CETI for a defined period of time. A total of 198 children were assessed. It was determined that 86.9% of the youngsters were of Syrian descent. There were 57.6% males and a 7.7 (±4.1) average age. The average caries index for children under the age of six was dft =6.4 (±6.3), and for children aged six to eleven, it was 7.5 (±4.8), taking into account both the temporary and permanent dentition, and for children aged twelve to seventeen, it was 4.7 (±4.0). A total of 50.6% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 needed extractions, compared to 36.8% of children under the age of 6. The population under study had a significant incidence of sextants where bleeding occurred during periodontal probing (mean 3.9 (±2.5)), according to an examination of the community periodontal index (CPI). It is crucial to study the oral cavity status of refugee children when designing intervention programs to improve their oral health and provide health education activities that favour the prevention of oral diseases.

The goal of cancer treatment is to fight and/or control cancer. The aim of this study was to review and meta-analyse the incidence of main oral complications in paediatric oncology during chemotherapy. The search results were obtained from B-on, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases. Of 1032 articles potentially relevant, 13 were included in this review. The overall incidence of caries, gingivitis, ulcers, mucositis, and candidiasis was 67.8%, 55.6%, 44.2%, 41.6%, and, 29.5%, respectively. During chemotherapy, paediatric patients with cancer present higher incidence of caries and gingivitis. Incidence rate meta-analysis show high heterogeneity. More studies should be done to reduce uncertainty.

Pediatric dentistry focuses on children’s oral health. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of malocclusion in a pediatric population. Eighty-two children (3–12 years old), of both genders, who belong to a Social Solidarity Institution for Children in Pico Island were clinically examined. Half were female and half were male, in which most were 7 years old (20.7%) with mixed dentition (58.5%). The highest prevalence was in canine class I and vertical molar. Most children did not have malocclusion characteristics (56.1%).

The imperfect amelogenesis (IA) is a heterogeneous group of changes that mainly affect the structure of the enamel. It can occur in the deciduous and permanent dentition and presents a variation of phenotype, associated or not to a syndrome [ 1 Cogulu D , Becerik S , Emingil G , et al. Oral rehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta. Pediatr Dent. 2009;31(7):523–527. [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] , 2 Gadhia K , Mcdonald S , Arkutu N , et al. Amelogenesis imperfecta: an introduction. Br Dent J. 2012;212(8):377–379. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] ]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of IA in patients who were observed for the first time in the Egas Moniz University Clinic and to describe which teeth are most affected. Variables such as sex, age, oral hygiene, diet and DMFT index (decay-missing-filling-teeth) were evaluated. DMFT index was analysed in order to determine if in the presence of enamel changes, correct oral hygiene and low sugar diet, the DMFT index remains high, to determine if the enamel changes have an impact on dental caries in the absence of external factors. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee of Egas Moniz and a written consent was obtained from all participants.The sample consisted of 100 children who attended Egas Moniz paediatric dentistry, for the first time, over a two-year period (2015–2017). Inclusion criteria were: Children without craniofacial changes and that the parents have signed the informed consent. Data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential methodologies. A significance level of 5% was established in the latter case. The mean age was 10.2 years, ranging from 6 to 18 years. The majority (55%) was male and 45% was female. Permanent dentition is the most prevalent (52%), followed by mixed (30%) and deciduous (18%). Of the total sample, it was observed 14% of patients with IA. The permanent dentition presents 50% of IA, followed by 42.9% in the deciduous dentition, reducing in the mixed dentition (7,10%). The most affected teeth were the second upper molars with a percentage of 13%. Regarding the relation of the changes with the gender, age, DMFT index, and distribution by quadrants, did not show statistically significant differences (p > .05). In this study, the prevalence of IA was higher than in other studies that revealed values of 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.27% [ 2–4 Gadhia K , Mcdonald S , Arkutu N , et al. Amelogenesis imperfecta: an introduction. Br Dent J. 2012;212(8):377–379. Yassin S. Prevalence and distribution of selected dental anomalies among saudi children in Abha, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(5):e485–90. Gupta SK , Saxena P , Jain S , et al. Prevalence and distribution of selected development dental anomalies in an Indian population. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(2):231–238. ], but close to Temilola et al. found 16.1% of cases of IA in a paediatric population in Nigeria [ 5 Temilola D , Folayan M , Fatusi O , et al. The prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary and mix dentition from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:125. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] ]. There was no statistically significant relationship between DMFT and IA in the present study (p ≥ .05). Other studies have demonstrated a relationship between hyponeralization of the enamel and increased risk of caries [ 2 Gadhia K , Mcdonald S , Arkutu N , et al. Amelogenesis imperfecta: an introduction. Br Dent J. 2012;212(8):377–379. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] , 3 Yassin S. Prevalence and distribution of selected dental anomalies among saudi children in Abha, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(5):e485–90. [PubMed] , [Google Scholar] ]. The high prevalence of AI found in this study may be due to the fact that the majority of patients, with suspected rare alterations of the dental tissues, are frequently sent, to the consultation of the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic by family doctors, paediatrics and other dentists. When the dentist attends these cases, he must establish the diagnosis, inform the patient, and recommend the therapeutic approach that may have a multidisciplinary involvement.

Background: Mouth breathing and atypical swallowing are myofunctional problems, emerging as a pathological adaptation. This exploratory study was aimed to investigate the possible relation between breathing and swallowing patterns in adults. Methods: A total of 58 patients referred to the Orthodontic Department at Egas Moniz Dental Clinic were enrolled. Results: Atypical swallowing was more prevalent in women (78.0%) than in men (47.1%). A significantly higher proportion of patients exhibiting both mouth breathing and atypical swallowing were identified (46.6%). Swallowing pattern was found to be significantly associated with gender and breathing pattern.

Incisor Molar Hypomineralisation (IMH) is a qualitative alteration affecting one or more first permanent molars (FMPs) with the possible involvement of the permanent incisors, and is associated with several dental complications. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of IMH on the quality of life (QoL) of children/adolescents. A total of 56 children attending the Egas MonizDental Clinic (EMDC) were enrolled, 27 females and 29 males, and the most common age was 11 years. Most of them had a mild or moderate degree of IMH. The impact of IMH on the children’s quality of life was not significant.