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Kamila Widziewicz
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Simple physical characterization of water evaporation can provide detailed information regarding its component distribution in particulate matter (PM) samples. The water presence in PM can greatly influence its polarity and subsequent reaction activity, for example, in secondary inorganic and organic matter formation. In this study, the presence of PM-bound water is detected using the Karl Fischer titration method in a temperature gradient with an aim to quantitatively assess different types of water occurrence. The analyses were initiated by testing two reference materials, namely urban particulate matter 1648a and urban dust 1649b (NIST). Four different types of water were found in both NIST materials, which helped to optimize the temperature ramp program and its adjustment for real PM samples. It was found that water contents in total suspended particles (TSP) are similar to those typically occurring in urban background stations—approximately 7.12–45.13% of the TSP mass, differentiated into the following water mass contributions: 48.5% of the total water found was loosely bound water; 23.3% was attributed to the absorption water; while the missing 20% could be probably attributed to crystal water removed only above 180 °C and artifacts connected with the drift correction problem. By comparing water release curves for single PM-compounds like pure SiO2; Al2O3; NH4NO3; (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl with water spectra obtained for real PM samples, it was found that water in particulate matter mainly comes from the dehydration of TSP-bound crystalline like Al2O3, SiO2 and to a lesser extent from salts like NH4NO3; (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl. A newly used thermal ramp method was able to assess water contents from Teflon–polypropylene baked filters characterized by low melting points and therefore filter degradation even under temperatures oscillating around 200 °C. The advantage of this new work is the separation of different types of TSP-bound water contributions, facilitating and promoting further research on the origin of PM-bound water and its role in atmospheric chemistry, secondary aerosol formation and visibility.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Krzysztof Loska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6196 .

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Malwina Tytła, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Krzysztof Loska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Krzysztof Loska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2020. "Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6196.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The present study describes the effects of temperature and humidity on the level of water absorption by filter blanks most popularly used for gravimetric analyzes of particulate matter (PM) and the effects of those on the accuracy of its weight measurements. The main parts of the research quantified the effect of temperature and humidity conditions on water contents quartz fiber (Q), fiberglass (G), PTFE, and nylon (N) filters. Supplementary studies were conducted to estimate the effects of temperature, humidity and material on mass loss/gain and the shape of water retention. All chemical analyses of water contents were performed by the Karl Fischer titration method. The results indicate that quartz filters are the most susceptible to the variations in water contents under changing humidity levels and therefore, less suitable to high accuracy determinations of PM mass compared to nylon or glass filters; PTFE performed the best due to their hydrophobicity. For PM water contents determinations, the best choice of filter media is PTFE. Although many other factors determine the choice of filter type for PM analyses, the present study is an important contribution to knowledge of assessing the suitability of different types of filter material for specific measurements.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła. Water Sorption by Different Types of Filter Media Used for Particulate Matter Collection Under Varying Temperature and Humidity Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5180 .

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Malwina Tytła. Water Sorption by Different Types of Filter Media Used for Particulate Matter Collection Under Varying Temperature and Humidity Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła. 2020. "Water Sorption by Different Types of Filter Media Used for Particulate Matter Collection Under Varying Temperature and Humidity Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5180.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study concerns the concentrations of gaseous and particle-bound mercury present in ambient air of two Polish sites, differing in terms of emission structure, and the estimation of inhalation risks related to those Hg species. The measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and PM2.5-bound mercury (PBM) were performed at an urban station in Zabrze and a rural station in Złoty Potok, in 2014–2015. Both sites are located in Silesia, considered one of the European air pollution hot-spots. TGM was measured on-line (Tekran 2537). PM2.5 samples were taken with the use of low volume samplers. Hg contents in PM were determined by the CVAAS method following thermal decomposition. The median concentrations of TGM and PBM in Zabrze were 2.48 ng m−3 and 37.87 pg m−3, respectively; meanwhile in Zloty Potok, these were 1.69 ng m−3 and 27.82 pg m−3, respectively. Clearly, seasonal variability of TGM and PBM concentrations were observed, reflecting the importance of Hg and PM emissions from coal combustion for power and heating purposes. Health risk assessment was performed using a deterministic approach by the most conservative exposure scenario. The obtained HQ ratios and the cumulative HI indexes were below the limit value (<1). This means an unlikely health hazard due mercury inhalation.

ACS Style

Halina Pyta; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Krzysztof Słaby. Inhalation Exposure to Gaseous and Particulate Bound Mercury Present in the Ambient Air over the Polluted Area of Southern Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4999 .

AMA Style

Halina Pyta, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Krzysztof Słaby. Inhalation Exposure to Gaseous and Particulate Bound Mercury Present in the Ambient Air over the Polluted Area of Southern Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):4999.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Halina Pyta; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Krzysztof Słaby. 2020. "Inhalation Exposure to Gaseous and Particulate Bound Mercury Present in the Ambient Air over the Polluted Area of Southern Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 4999.

Review
Published: 18 June 2020 in Scientometrics
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Aerosol water is a master component of atmospheric aerosols and a medium that enables all aqueous-phase reactions occurring in the atmosphere. This integral chemical compound of suspended aerosol particles (PM) has become one of the hottest issues in recent years. To look for scientific productivity in the area of PM-bound water research a bibliometric analysis was performed. Most actual literature regarding aerosol and particulate bound water and implications of the research in this field was downloaded from WOS database using 1996–2018 timespan. Different bibliographic statistics were used to get a general profile of leading authorships, institutions, countries and mainstream journals providing most highly cited articles in the field. Using the CiteSpace software it was possible to identify past trends and possible future directions in measuring aerosol bound water. The search terms used in the database were {“aerosol” AND “water” OR “chemical mass balance”} AND {“particulate matter” OR “PM-bound water” OR “hygroscopic”}. The answers to the following questions were found: which authors, countries, institutions and aerosol journals to the greatest degree influenced PM-bound water research?. The network of co-occurring noun phrases was extracted from the set of publications, followed by co-citation analysis. The network was also clustered by top terms which gave a clear picture of topics most often undertaken. Finally the publication meeting eligibility criteria were looked for chemical compounds most frequently determined in PM-bound water research, which help to indicate works where quantitative assessment of PM-bound water was performed. Obtained results indicate that the paper with the greatest citation burst was Tang and Munkelwitz (J Geophys Res Atmos 99(D9):18801–18808, 1994). The largest number of articles in this specific field was published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. An absolute leader in the quantity of publications among all research institutions is National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA. Meteorology and Atmospheric sciences is the discipline most occupied by highly cited journals in this field. Clustering results indicate that the research has mainly focused on hygroscopic measurement of aerosol, hygroscopic growth of particles; aerosol liquid water, and hygroscopic behavior. Most articles rather points PM-bound water as an artifact in organic carbon and ions measurements without detailed analysis of its contents or probable origin. The number of publications in each cluster of the build network is relatively high, which indicate that scholars have formed a rather consistent studies in the theme of aerosol-bound water. Despite a relevant role played by aerosol-bound water in atmospheric processes a quantitative description of its contents is rather rarely found in the literature (with the total number of only 23 papers concerning PM-bound water contents). In terms of yield, USA, China and Italy ranked highest, playing a propelling role in the research on PM-bound water. Future trends in PM-bound water research should be directed to a quantitative measurements of its contents; source apportionment, chemical composition of PM—modulating its hygroscopicity and therefore cloud formation processes, and the assessment of artefacts influencing the quality of PM-bound water measurements. Those areas should be especially developed in future studies and scientific projects concerning atmospheric water.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła. First systematic review on PM-bound water: exploring the existing knowledge domain using the CiteSpace software. Scientometrics 2020, 124, 1945 -2008.

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Malwina Tytła. First systematic review on PM-bound water: exploring the existing knowledge domain using the CiteSpace software. Scientometrics. 2020; 124 (3):1945-2008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła. 2020. "First systematic review on PM-bound water: exploring the existing knowledge domain using the CiteSpace software." Scientometrics 124, no. 3: 1945-2008.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2019 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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Research concerning the ambient particulate matter (PM) in the indoor environment has attracted much interest lately. Most often, studies concern some aspect of PM mass concentrations for the PM10 and PM2.5 fractions and less often the chemical composition of the indoor PM. In the framework of this study, an overview of the existing data in the literature concerning PM in the indoor environment of non-residential buildings has been compiled. An in-depth literature review indicates a lack of comprehensive research data regarding the state and quality of atmospheric air in non-residential buildings. It also highlights an emerging need for more knowledge on the indoor/outdoor air pollution relationships in such facilities. Although several studies underline the topics connected to the concentrations and chemical properties of PM in public utility environments, like offices, kindergartens, schools, churches, libraries, or in occupational environments, only a limited number of those are concerned with its presence inside sports facilities. The concentration of PM in the indoor air of closed sports venues is an important parameter for the users of these facilities due to the potentially harmful effects associated with PM inhalation. This negative influence includes the loss of athletic performance and health reflected by, among other factors, the loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function.

ACS Style

Karolina Kuskowska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 28, 3043 -3062.

AMA Style

Karolina Kuskowska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 28 (5):3043-3062.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Kuskowska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. 2019. "Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 5: 3043-3062.

Review
Published: 28 December 2018 in Applied Sciences
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Air pollution by particulate matter (PM) is recognized as a one of the most important environmental issue. A particular attention is being paid to fine PM fraction (PM2.5, PM1.0) due to its detrimental impact on human health and long-term persistence in the air. Presented work is an in-depth bibliometric study on the concentrations and chemical composition of PM2.5 among 27 rural and 38 urban/urban background stations dispersed across the Europe. Obtained results indicate that the chemical composition of PM2.5, in terms of mass concentrations and percentage contribution of main chemical constituents, is relatively different in various parts of Europe. Urban and urban background stations are typically characterized by higher share of total carbon (TC) in PM2.5, compared to rural background sites, mostly pronounced during the heating periods. The share of the secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) is typically higher at rural background stations, especially in North-Western Europe. In general, the relative contribution of SIA in PM2.5 mass, both at rural and urban background stations, showed more or less pronounced seasonal variation, opposite to Polish measurement sites. Moreover, Poland stands out from the majority of the European stations by strong dominance of total carbon over secondary inorganic aerosol.

ACS Style

Barbara Błaszczak; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Natalia Zioła; Krzysztof Klejnowski; Katarzyna Juda-Rezler. Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particulate Matter in Poland in Relation with Data from Selected Rural and Urban Background Stations in Europe. Applied Sciences 2018, 9, 98 .

AMA Style

Barbara Błaszczak, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Natalia Zioła, Krzysztof Klejnowski, Katarzyna Juda-Rezler. Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particulate Matter in Poland in Relation with Data from Selected Rural and Urban Background Stations in Europe. Applied Sciences. 2018; 9 (1):98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Błaszczak; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Natalia Zioła; Krzysztof Klejnowski; Katarzyna Juda-Rezler. 2018. "Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particulate Matter in Poland in Relation with Data from Selected Rural and Urban Background Stations in Europe." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1: 98.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2018 in Chemistry and Ecology
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ACS Style

Justyna Rybak; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Krzysztof Loska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Radosław Rutkowski. The concentration of Cu and Pb in the funnel spider Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch 1843) (Araneae: Agelenidae) and its web. Chemistry and Ecology 2018, 35, 179 -190.

AMA Style

Justyna Rybak, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Krzysztof Loska, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Radosław Rutkowski. The concentration of Cu and Pb in the funnel spider Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch 1843) (Araneae: Agelenidae) and its web. Chemistry and Ecology. 2018; 35 (2):179-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justyna Rybak; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Krzysztof Loska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Radosław Rutkowski. 2018. "The concentration of Cu and Pb in the funnel spider Eratigena atrica (C. L. Koch 1843) (Araneae: Agelenidae) and its web." Chemistry and Ecology 35, no. 2: 179-190.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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Ambient concentrations and seasonal variability of water bound to ambient fine particulate matter (PM1-bound water) were investigated at two urban sites, the cities Zabrze and Warsaw (southern and central Poland, respectively), in summer and winter. The types and numbers of PM1 sources differ extremely between the two cities in one season and between the two seasons in one city, therefore the chemical compositions of PM1 differ as well. Water and other main PM1 components (ions of water soluble compounds, organic and elemental carbon) were determined in the PM1 samples and their amounts comparatively analyzed. The large effect of solid fuel (hard coal) burning for residential heating on chemical composition and concentrations of PM1 makes the concentrations of PM1-bound water and their seasonal changes greater in Zabrze than in Warsaw, where PM1 in winter comes mainly from natural gas burning and from road traffic.

ACS Style

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Malwina Tytła; Barbara Mathews; Małgorzata Ciuka-Witrylak. Seasonal variations of PM1-bound water concentration in urban areas in Poland. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2018, 10, 267 -273.

AMA Style

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Malwina Tytła, Barbara Mathews, Małgorzata Ciuka-Witrylak. Seasonal variations of PM1-bound water concentration in urban areas in Poland. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 10 (1):267-273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Malwina Tytła; Barbara Mathews; Małgorzata Ciuka-Witrylak. 2018. "Seasonal variations of PM1-bound water concentration in urban areas in Poland." Atmospheric Pollution Research 10, no. 1: 267-273.

Review
Published: 03 July 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Literature data indicate, that the conversion of secondary PM (particulate matter) precursors are largely controlled by the amount of atmospheric water vapor, and that higher capacity of water accumulation is demonstrated mainly by fine particles of anthropogenic origin, rich in ionic compounds like sulfates, nitrates, ammonia and chlorides, arising for example from biomass incineration processes. Smaller retention capability is however typical for coarse PM particles of natural origin, containing lot of crustal material like aluminosilicates. It is therefore suspect that both – the size of PM particles and the source of its origin will determine its hygroscopicity. The quantitative and qualitative measurements of water contributions in PM for example by means of Karl Fischer titration method could be therefore a good marker of PM origin. Due to analytical limitations the identification of water contents in PM and the differences in water fingerprint between PM collected in different locations is still quite challenging.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Malwina Tytła; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Short review on PM-bound water. Its presence in the atmosphere, forms of occurrence and determination by Karl Fischer coulometric titration. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 44, 00187 .

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz, Malwina Tytła, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Short review on PM-bound water. Its presence in the atmosphere, forms of occurrence and determination by Karl Fischer coulometric titration. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 44 ():00187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Malwina Tytła; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2018. "Short review on PM-bound water. Its presence in the atmosphere, forms of occurrence and determination by Karl Fischer coulometric titration." E3S Web of Conferences 44, no. : 00187.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Urban environment as a factor modulating metals deposition in the respiratory track and associated cancer risk. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2018, 9, 399 -410.

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Urban environment as a factor modulating metals deposition in the respiratory track and associated cancer risk. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 9 (3):399-410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2018. "Urban environment as a factor modulating metals deposition in the respiratory track and associated cancer risk." Atmospheric Pollution Research 9, no. 3: 399-410.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study assessed inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM1)-bound mercury (Hgp) and PM1-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among university students. For this purpose, simultaneous indoor (I) and outdoor (O) measurements were taken from two Polish technical universities (in Gliwice and Warsaw) located in distinct areas with respect to ambient concentrations and major sources of PM. The indoor geometric mean concentrations of Hgp were found to be 1.46 pg·m−3 and 6.38 pg·m−3 in Warsaw and Gliwice, while the corresponding outdoor concentrations were slightly lower at 1.38 pg·m−3 and 3.03 pg·m−3, respectively. A distinct pattern was found with respect to PAH concentrations with estimated I/O values of 22.2 ng·m−3/22.5 ng·m−3 in Gliwice and 10.9 ng·m−3/11.12 ng·m−3 in Warsaw. Hazard quotients (HQs) as a result of exposure to Hgp for students aged 21 ranged from 3.47 × 10−5 (Warsaw) to 1.3 × 10−4 (Gliwice) in terms of reasonable maximum exposure (RME). The non-cancer human health risk value related to Hgp exposure was thus found to be below the acceptable risk level value of 1.0 given by the US EPA. Daily exposure values for lecture hall occupants, adjusted to the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent (BaPeq), were 2.9 and 1.02 ng·m−3 for the Gliwice and Warsaw students, respectively. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values with respect to exposure to PM1-bound PAHs during the students’ time of study were 5.49 × 10−8 (Warsaw) and 1.43 × 10−7 (Gliwice). Thus, students’ exposure to indoor PAHs does not lead to increased risk of lung cancer.

ACS Style

Grzegorz Majewski; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Karolina Kociszewska; Tomasz Rozbicki; Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka; Mariusz Niemczyk. PM Origin or Exposure Duration? Health Hazards from PM-Bound Mercury and PM-Bound PAHs among Students and Lecturers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 316 .

AMA Style

Grzegorz Majewski, Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Karolina Kociszewska, Tomasz Rozbicki, Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka, Mariusz Niemczyk. PM Origin or Exposure Duration? Health Hazards from PM-Bound Mercury and PM-Bound PAHs among Students and Lecturers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (2):316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grzegorz Majewski; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Karolina Kociszewska; Tomasz Rozbicki; Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka; Mariusz Niemczyk. 2018. "PM Origin or Exposure Duration? Health Hazards from PM-Bound Mercury and PM-Bound PAHs among Students and Lecturers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 316.

Conference paper
Published: 10 January 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in the distribution of elements in the environment. The PM-bound elements penetrates into the other elements of the environment, in two basic forms - those dissolved in the atmospheric precipitation and those permanently bound to PM particles. Those forms differs greatly in their mobility, thus posing a potential threat to living organisms. They can also be an immediate threat, while being inhaled. Chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) belong to the group of elements whose certain chemical states exhibit toxic properties, that is Cr(VI) and As(III). Thus, recognition of the actual threat posed by Cr and As in the environment, including those present in PM, is possible only through the in depth speciation analysis. Research on the Cr and As speciation in PM, more than the analogous studies of their presence in other compartments of the environment, have been undertaken quite rarely. Hence the knowledge on the speciation of PM-bound As and Cr is still limited. The state of knowledge in the field of PM-bound Cr and As is presented in the paper. The issues related to the characterization and occurrence of Cr and As species in PM, the share of Cr and As species mass in different PM size fractions, and in PM of different origin is also summarized. The analytical techniques used in the speciation analysis of PM-bound Cr and As are also discussed. In the existing literature there is no data on the physical characteristics of Cr and As (bound to a different PM size fractions), and thus it still lack of data needed for a comprehensive assessment of the actual environmental and health threat posed by airborne Cr and As.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Nocoń; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz. Research on chromium and arsenic speciation in atmospheric particulate matter: short review. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 28, 1026 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Nocoń, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Kamila Widziewicz. Research on chromium and arsenic speciation in atmospheric particulate matter: short review. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 28 ():1026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Nocoń; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz. 2018. "Research on chromium and arsenic speciation in atmospheric particulate matter: short review." E3S Web of Conferences 28, no. : 1026.

Conference paper
Published: 10 January 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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The link between increased morbidity and mortality and increasing concentrations of particulate matter (PM) resulted in great attention being paid to the presence and physicochemical properties of PM in closed rooms, where people spends most of their time. The least recognized group of such indoor environments are small service facilities. The aim of this study was to identify factors which determine the concentration, chemical composition and sources of PM in the air of different service facilities: restaurant kitchen, printing office and beauty salon. The average PM concentration measured in the kitchen was 5-fold (PM4, particle fraction ≥ 4 μm) and 5.3-fold (TSP, total PM) greater than the average concentration of these PM fractions over the same period. During the same measurement period in the printing office and in the beauty salon, the mean PM concentration was 10- and 4-fold (PM4) and 8- and 3-fold (TSP) respectively greater than the mean concentration of these PM fractions in outdoor air. In both facilities the main source of PM macro-components, especially organic carbon, were chemicals, which are normally used in such places - solvents, varnishes, paints, etc. The influence of some metals inflow from the outdoor air into indoor environment of those facilities was also recognized.

ACS Style

Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Józef Pastuszka; Barbara Mathews; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. Factors determining the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter in the air of selected service facilities. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 28, 01032 .

AMA Style

Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Józef Pastuszka, Barbara Mathews, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. Factors determining the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter in the air of selected service facilities. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 28 ():01032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Józef Pastuszka; Barbara Mathews; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. 2018. "Factors determining the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter in the air of selected service facilities." E3S Web of Conferences 28, no. : 01032.

Research paper
Published: 20 November 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer occurrence around the world. When exploring the geographic distribution in lung cancer incidence in Poland, we found that PM10-bound benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) emission from domestic heating contributes to lung cancer risk mostly in areas outside the cities and agglomerations (so-called remaining areas). When averaging B(a)P concentrations within provinces, the B(a)P exposure accounts for even 31% to the total lung cancer cases. To check to which extent the concentration of B(a)P could contribute to an increase probability of lung cancer occurrence, the analysis of health risk was performed. The B(a)P concentration data were downloaded from the Polish Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (CIEP) database. Those concerned the period between 2010 and 2015 and included cities, agglomerations, typically rural sites, and the remaining areas. It was found that the mean concentration of B(a)P in the mentioned period, averaged within specific geographic areas, varied from 1.39 ng/m3 at the rural sites to 4.86 ng/m3 in the remaining areas. The inhalation lung cancer risk resulting from the life-long exposure to B(a)P in most conservative (pessimistic) scenario was above the acceptable limits, i.e., E−06. On average, the highest lung cancer risk was found in Opolskie (7.33E−04) and the lowest one in Lubelskie province (1.02E−04), while in the rural areas one order of magnitude lower and amounted to (E−05). Presented results indicate the need for further research on geographic patterns of lung cancer incidence in Poland due to regional differences in air pollution. Such information could be further used for planning long-term strategies to reduce the ambient concentrations of B(a)P.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski. Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research 2017, 11, 685 -693.

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski. Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2017; 11 (5-6):685-693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski. 2017. "Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research 11, no. 5-6: 685-693.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2017 in Occupational and environmental health
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Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consumed with grilled meat might be hazardous for human health. There is still lack of data on inhalation exposure to PAHs in barbecue smoke. Total PM emission from grill is very high (Rogula-Kozłowska et al. Environ Monit Assess 2013;185:581-601) and such PM concentrations might influence increased cancer risk (Badyda et al. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;944:1-9). Material and methods: 3 types of fuel were used: liquid propane (LP), lump charcoal (LC) and charcoal briquettes (CB). 16 PAHs congeners were extracted from PM2.5 samples and measured using GC chromatograph. Size dependent deposition in different parts of human respiratory tract was modelled. Probabilistic risk model was developed to assess the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Results: Significant increase in PAH concentrations from grill powered by CB was noticed. Total concentration of PAHs ranged from <0.0001 (gas grill) to 21.53 μg/m3 (charcoal briquettes. Daily exposure doses of PM2.5 bound-BaPeq for typical grill master while grilling meat was 326.9; 401.6 and 0.04 ng/day, for LC, CB and LP powering respectively. Inhalation-ILCR (geometric mean) ranged from of 5.57×10−5 (exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs from unloaded gas grill) to 5.77×10−1 (food grilled using charcoal briquettes). The risk for people inhaling grill emission gases for 5 hours/day, 20 days/year exceeded 10−3, suggesting high probability of cancer occurrences due to PAHs exposure. Conclusion: Charcoal briquettes are most dangerous concerning inhalation exposure to PAHs from BBQ emissions. To protect against such risk exposure duration should be less than 1 hour.

ACS Style

Artur Badyda; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Izabela Jureczko; Anna Gayer; Dominika Mucha; Piotr Dąbrowiecki. PM and PM-bound PAHs exposure from barbecues powered by gas, lump charcoal and charcoal briquettes as a risk factor of lung cancer. Occupational and environmental health 2017, 50, OA1778 .

AMA Style

Artur Badyda, Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Izabela Jureczko, Anna Gayer, Dominika Mucha, Piotr Dąbrowiecki. PM and PM-bound PAHs exposure from barbecues powered by gas, lump charcoal and charcoal briquettes as a risk factor of lung cancer. Occupational and environmental health. 2017; 50 ():OA1778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Artur Badyda; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Izabela Jureczko; Anna Gayer; Dominika Mucha; Piotr Dąbrowiecki. 2017. "PM and PM-bound PAHs exposure from barbecues powered by gas, lump charcoal and charcoal briquettes as a risk factor of lung cancer." Occupational and environmental health 50, no. : OA1778.

Chapter
Published: 06 July 2017 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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The present study seeks to define the possible cancer risk arising from the inhalation exposure to particle (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in barbecue emission gases and to compare the risk depending on the type of fuel used for grill powering. Three types of fuel were compared: liquid propane gas, lump charcoal, and charcoal briquettes. PM2.5 and PM2.5–100 were collected during grilling. Subsequently, 16 PAHs congeners were extracted from the PM samples and measured quantitatively using gas chromatography. The content of PM-bound PAHs was used to calculate PAHs deposition in the respiratory tract using the multiple path particle dosimetry model. Finally, a probabilistic risk model was developed to assess the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) faced by people exposed to PAHs. We found a distinctly greater PAHs formation in case of grills powered by charcoal briquettes. The summary concentration of PAHs (Σ16PAH) ranged from <0.002 μg/m3 (gas grill) to 21.52 μg/m3 (grill powered by briquettes). Daily exposure of a grill operator, while grilling meat, to PM2.5-bound PAHs, adjusted to benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent (BaPeq), was 326.9, 401.6, and 0.04 ng/d for lump charcoal, charcoal briquettes, and gas powered grill, respectively. Exposure to PAHs emitted from charcoal briquettes was four orders of magnitude greater than that for gas grill. The ILCR followed a log-normal distribution, with a geometric mean of 8.38 × 10−5 for exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs emitted from gas grills unloaded with food and as high as 8.68 × 10−1 for the grills loaded with food over charcoal briquettes. The estimated cancer risk for people who would inhale barbecue particles for 5 h a day, 40 days a year exceeds the acceptable level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We conclude that the type of heat source used for grilling influences the PM-bound PAHs formation. The greatest concentration of PAHs is generated when grilling over charcoal briquettes. Loading grills with food generates conspicuously more PAHs emissions. Traditional grilling poses cancer risk much above the acceptable limit, as opposed to much less risk involving gas powered grills.

ACS Style

Artur J. Badyda; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Izabela Jureczko. Inhalation Exposure to PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released from Barbecue Grills Powered by Gas, Lump Charcoal, and Charcoal Briquettes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2017, 1023, 11 -27.

AMA Style

Artur J. Badyda, Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Izabela Jureczko. Inhalation Exposure to PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released from Barbecue Grills Powered by Gas, Lump Charcoal, and Charcoal Briquettes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2017; 1023 ():11-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Artur J. Badyda; Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Izabela Jureczko. 2017. "Inhalation Exposure to PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released from Barbecue Grills Powered by Gas, Lump Charcoal, and Charcoal Briquettes." Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1023, no. : 11-27.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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Magdalena Żak; Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. The exposure of pedestrians, drivers and road transport passengers to nitrogen dioxide. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2017, 8, 781 -790.

AMA Style

Magdalena Żak, Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. The exposure of pedestrians, drivers and road transport passengers to nitrogen dioxide. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2017; 8 (4):781-790.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Żak; Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca. 2017. "The exposure of pedestrians, drivers and road transport passengers to nitrogen dioxide." Atmospheric Pollution Research 8, no. 4: 781-790.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Microchemical Journal
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Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz; Grzegorz Majewski. A simple method for determination of total water in PM 1 on quartz fiber filters. Microchemical Journal 2017, 132, 327 -332.

AMA Style

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Kamila Widziewicz, Grzegorz Majewski. A simple method for determination of total water in PM 1 on quartz fiber filters. Microchemical Journal. 2017; 132 ():327-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz; Grzegorz Majewski. 2017. "A simple method for determination of total water in PM 1 on quartz fiber filters." Microchemical Journal 132, no. : 327-332.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Environmental Engineering Science
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The objective of this study was to assess the inhalation risk from carcinogenic elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, As) bound to fine aerosol particles (PM1) during dry and wet periods in two Polish cities, Zabrze and Warsaw. For the purpose of analysis, the authors provided data from 24-h measurements of PM1 and PM1-bound metal concentrations conducted in 2014 and the data on the amount and duration of precipitation derived from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW). Results showed that the highest washout efficiency among the tested metals was observed in case of PM1-bound Pb and Cd. Under the conditions of light precipitation intensity, lasting more than 8 h, the initial concentration of Pb and Cd in Zabrze was reduced by 68% and 58%, while in Warsaw by 21% and 32%, respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to PM1-bound metals was significantly above the acceptable limits. During the dry periods, inhalation exposure increased by 33–37% compared to rainy periods.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Grzegorz Majewski; Krzysztof Loska. PM1 and PM1-Bound Metals During Dry and Wet Periods: Ambient Concentration and Health Effects. Environmental Engineering Science 2017, 34, 312 -320.

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Grzegorz Majewski, Krzysztof Loska. PM1 and PM1-Bound Metals During Dry and Wet Periods: Ambient Concentration and Health Effects. Environmental Engineering Science. 2017; 34 (5):312-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Grzegorz Majewski; Krzysztof Loska. 2017. "PM1 and PM1-Bound Metals During Dry and Wet Periods: Ambient Concentration and Health Effects." Environmental Engineering Science 34, no. 5: 312-320.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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The aim of this study was to determine ambient concentrations of As(III) and As(V); Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species - bound to PM1 and PM2.5 and to assess the incremental lifetime cancer risk associated with the exposure to those elements. Beyond risk analysis, this work presents the results of As(III) and As(V) separation optimization using slurry extraction combined with HG-AAS spectrometry. PM samples were collected at Katowice urban traffic site (Poland) in 2010, during the winter and summer period. Twenty four hours (24-h) ambient concentrations of fine PM-bound As(III) + As(V) varied in the range 0.46–11.76 ng/m3 and for Cr(III) + Cr(VI) 4.41–21.08 ng/m3. Higher concentrations of As-bearing particles was observed in winter compared to summer period, while chromium total concentrations showed no seasonal variations. A greater shares of Cr(VI) in Crtot concentrations was observed in non-heating (summer) period and explained by greater intensity of oxidative reactions in the atmosphere, leading to more effective oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI) species. Although speciation analyses showed that more than 60% of the total arsenic and chromium appears to be in less toxic As(V) and Cr(III) forms, the probability of cancer development due to exposure to those elements was even one case per 10,000 of exposed population and above the limits recommended by US EPA. By treating the risk as the sum of the exposures posed exclusively by Cr(VI) + As(III) we obtained the ILCRtot value 2-fold lower compared to the exposure caused by Crtot + Astot, which indicate the importance of speciation inclusion into risk calculations.

ACS Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Krzysztof Loska. Cancer risk from arsenic and chromium species bound to PM 2.5 and PM 1 – Polish case study. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2016, 7, 884 -894.

AMA Style

Kamila Widziewicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Krzysztof Loska. Cancer risk from arsenic and chromium species bound to PM 2.5 and PM 1 – Polish case study. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016; 7 (5):884-894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Widziewicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Krzysztof Loska. 2016. "Cancer risk from arsenic and chromium species bound to PM 2.5 and PM 1 – Polish case study." Atmospheric Pollution Research 7, no. 5: 884-894.