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Air pollution is monitored mainly in urban or industrial areas, even if it is known that in rural ones, low emission can significantly worsen air quality. Hence, cheap and easily accessible methods of monitoring are needed. Recently, spider webs biomonitoring is getting popular, however, there is no information about its comparison with active methods. In this study, PTEs accumulated on spider webs were compared with results from continuous particulate monitor (CPM). Generally, higher potentially toxic elements concentrations were noted in spider web, with exception in the case of Zn. Zn may be present rather in smaller fractions, hence it needs more time for accumulation on spider web while it is easily collected by CPM. Higher concentrations of other elements on spider webs may result from formation of aggregates which could not be reported in PM10 sampling (CPM). What is more, the order of the most and the least accumulated elements were similar and the percentage share of studied elements was coherent in most cases, proving that this new tool prospers to become commonly used in biomonitoring. Additionally, to identify possible sources of pollution air backward trajectories and trajectory frequencies for Kotórz were prepared based on the HYSPLIT model.
Agnieszka Stojanowska; Tomasz Mach; Tomasz Olszowski; Jan Bihałowicz; Maciej Górka; Justyna Rybak; Małgorzata Rajfur; Paweł Świsłowski. Air Pollution Research Based on Spider Web and Parallel Continuous Particulate Monitoring—A Comparison Study Coupled with Identification of Sources. Minerals 2021, 11, 812 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Stojanowska, Tomasz Mach, Tomasz Olszowski, Jan Bihałowicz, Maciej Górka, Justyna Rybak, Małgorzata Rajfur, Paweł Świsłowski. Air Pollution Research Based on Spider Web and Parallel Continuous Particulate Monitoring—A Comparison Study Coupled with Identification of Sources. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):812.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Stojanowska; Tomasz Mach; Tomasz Olszowski; Jan Bihałowicz; Maciej Górka; Justyna Rybak; Małgorzata Rajfur; Paweł Świsłowski. 2021. "Air Pollution Research Based on Spider Web and Parallel Continuous Particulate Monitoring—A Comparison Study Coupled with Identification of Sources." Minerals 11, no. 8: 812.
The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM10, as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO2, NO, NO2, CO, and O3 concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM10 can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM10, as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM10 in the afternoon.
Tomasz Mach; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Justyna Rybak. Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland. Energies 2021, 14, 2654 .
AMA StyleTomasz Mach, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Justyna Rybak. Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomasz Mach; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Justyna Rybak. 2021. "Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland." Energies 14, no. 9: 2654.
The study attempts to compare the total annual emissions of selected air pollutants emitted during occasional grilling and the emission of the same pollutants from small domestic heating installations. For this purpose, in the absence of any data on the emission of pollutants during grilling processes, tests were carried out consisting of measuring the concentration of air pollutants in exhaust streams from two types of grills (solid fuel grill powered by charcoal briquette and gas grill powered by liquid propane), using popularly prepared dishes (previously marinated meat and raw, seasoned mixed vegetables). The concentrations of PM2.5, CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3, N2O, NO, NO2, SO2 were measured in the exhaust stream from both grills using a particulate matter (PM) measuring device and a portable spectrometer, separately while grilling the same portions of meat and vegetables. Then, considering the available data on Poles’ barbecue habits, the emissions that are released into the air during occasional grilling were estimated. The calculated emissions were compared with the data on emissions from domestic heating installations used in Poland. It has been shown that during grilling, as much as 2.30, 92.07, 4.11, 3.83, 2.96, and 9.81 Gg of PM2.5, CO, NOx, SO2, NH3, and CH4 may be released into the atmosphere in Poland, respectively. In the case of PM, the amount of the pollutant emitted to the air is over 100 times lower than the emissions caused by the operation of small heating installations. In the case of other pollutants, the differences are smaller. Nevertheless, emissions from grills should not be underestimated as, in certain periods of the year, these sources may be responsible for not meeting the air quality standards in selected areas of the country, and thus the excessive exposure of people to pollutants resulting in negative health consequences. Therefore, attention was paid to the legitimacy of abandoning the use of charcoal and charcoal briquette grills and replacing them with gas-powered grills or electric ones, not only due to the health benefits of food and lower human exposure, but also by the reason of ecological values.
Artur Badyda; Piotr Krawczyk; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Karolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Przemysław Oberbek; Andrzej Marciniak; Mariusz Rogulski. Are BBQs Significantly Polluting Air in Poland? A Simple Comparison of Barbecues vs. Domestic Stoves and Boilers Emissions. Energies 2020, 13, 6245 .
AMA StyleArtur Badyda, Piotr Krawczyk, Jan Stefan Bihałowicz, Karolina Bralewska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Przemysław Oberbek, Andrzej Marciniak, Mariusz Rogulski. Are BBQs Significantly Polluting Air in Poland? A Simple Comparison of Barbecues vs. Domestic Stoves and Boilers Emissions. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Badyda; Piotr Krawczyk; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Karolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Przemysław Oberbek; Andrzej Marciniak; Mariusz Rogulski. 2020. "Are BBQs Significantly Polluting Air in Poland? A Simple Comparison of Barbecues vs. Domestic Stoves and Boilers Emissions." Energies 13, no. 23: 6245.
Previous studies have proven that spider webs can be a reliable tool for magnetic biomonitoring. This study aims to present the magnetic susceptibility values of urban road dust (URD) settled indoors and outdoors, and compare these values with spider webs exposed to indoor and outdoor pollutants, and therefore to discuss their potential environmental implications. The webs of Eratigena atrica, Tegenaria ferruginea, and Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) spiders from outdoor and indoor study sites were investigated, along with dust deposited on filters (indoors) and dust collected from the surrounding neighborhood (outdoors). Magnetic measurements revealed elevated levels of magnetic pollutants at all investigated sites in the city of Wrocław. The indoor/outdoor ratios of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility for the studied samples suggested a prevalence of indoor pollution sources at two of the sites (prosthetic laboratory and environmental science laboratory), whereas the third site (tenement house neighborhood) was dominated by material that presumably originated from predominantly outdoor sources. The indoor/outdoor ratios of magnetic susceptibility for the investigated matrices at the examined sites were highly comparable, which is promising for the utilization of spider webs in magnetic monitoring.
Radosław Rutkowski; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Marzena Rachwał; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Justyna Rybak. Magnetic Susceptibility of Spider Webs and Dust: Preliminary Study in Wrocław, Poland. Minerals 2020, 10, 1018 .
AMA StyleRadosław Rutkowski, Jan Stefan Bihałowicz, Marzena Rachwał, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Justyna Rybak. Magnetic Susceptibility of Spider Webs and Dust: Preliminary Study in Wrocław, Poland. Minerals. 2020; 10 (11):1018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadosław Rutkowski; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Marzena Rachwał; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Justyna Rybak. 2020. "Magnetic Susceptibility of Spider Webs and Dust: Preliminary Study in Wrocław, Poland." Minerals 10, no. 11: 1018.
The main objective of this research was the determination of the geochemical and mineralogical properties of particulate matter: TSP (total suspended particles) and, especially PM1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter not greater than 1 µm) suspended in the air of a selected urban area in southern Poland. Identification of the emission sources of metals and metalloids bound in TSP and PM1 as well as the assessment of potential risk of urban ambient air to human health using hazard indices was an additional aim of this investigation. The daily TSP and PM1 quartz fiber filters collected during heating season were subjected to mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) observations and geochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed that the concentration of TSP and PM1 well correlated with their mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. The good relationship between the PM concentration and χ suggests that magnetic susceptibility measurements can be a good proxy of low-level atmospheric dust pollution. The rank order of potentially toxic elements (PTE) based on average concentration was Ba > Zn > Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cu > Cr > Ni >As > Cd > V > Tl, both for TSP and PM1. PM1/TSP ratios for PTE concentrations and χ were around or slightly above unity, which indicated that PM1 was the main carrier of PTE (with the exception of cadmium, copper and lead) and technogenic magnetic particles. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were confirmed by very high values of human health indices.
Marzena Rachwał; Małgorzata Wawer; Mariola Jabłońska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk. Minerals 2020, 10, 866 .
AMA StyleMarzena Rachwał, Małgorzata Wawer, Mariola Jabłońska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk. Minerals. 2020; 10 (10):866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzena Rachwał; Małgorzata Wawer; Mariola Jabłońska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. 2020. "Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk." Minerals 10, no. 10: 866.
Firefighters are often exposed to various products of combustion and pyrolysis, including substances in a gaseous phase and absorbed on particulate matter (PM). Herein, quasi-fine PM (PM4) and 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH; in gaseous and particulate phases) at two Polish fire stations belonging to the State Fire Service were studied. At each station, over a 7 d period, gaseous and PM4-bound PAHs were sampled simultaneously in the common room, changing room, truck bay, and outside the station (in the atmospheric air). Based on these measurements, the indoor and outdoor diagnostic ratios, benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenicity equivalents (BaPeq), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and non-carcinogenic health risk of firefighters and fire station office workers were computed. The mean concentrations of PM4 were higher inside the fire stations than outside. Moreover, the highest mean concentration of PM4 was found in the truck bay, and the mean PAH concentrations were the highest in the changing rooms at both fire stations. The highest BaPeq occurred in the changing room (on average 19 ng/m3). The combustion of various materials and fuels was identified as the source of the PAHs at each fire station. The results showed that for both firefighters and office employees at each station, the estimated ILCR related to inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption of the PAHs exceeded the acceptable risk level. Thus, exposure to PM and PAHs occurs not only during fires but also in the fire stations, especially in places where fire equipment and fire uniforms are stored after fire related events.
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Radosław Makowski; Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka; Aleksander Łukawski; Andrzej Brandyk; Grzegorz Majewski. Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations. Building and Environment 2020, 184, 107255 .
AMA StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Radosław Makowski, Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka, Aleksander Łukawski, Andrzej Brandyk, Grzegorz Majewski. Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations. Building and Environment. 2020; 184 ():107255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Radosław Makowski; Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka; Aleksander Łukawski; Andrzej Brandyk; Grzegorz Majewski. 2020. "Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations." Building and Environment 184, no. : 107255.
Simple physical characterization of water evaporation can provide detailed information regarding its component distribution in particulate matter (PM) samples. The water presence in PM can greatly influence its polarity and subsequent reaction activity, for example, in secondary inorganic and organic matter formation. In this study, the presence of PM-bound water is detected using the Karl Fischer titration method in a temperature gradient with an aim to quantitatively assess different types of water occurrence. The analyses were initiated by testing two reference materials, namely urban particulate matter 1648a and urban dust 1649b (NIST). Four different types of water were found in both NIST materials, which helped to optimize the temperature ramp program and its adjustment for real PM samples. It was found that water contents in total suspended particles (TSP) are similar to those typically occurring in urban background stations—approximately 7.12–45.13% of the TSP mass, differentiated into the following water mass contributions: 48.5% of the total water found was loosely bound water; 23.3% was attributed to the absorption water; while the missing 20% could be probably attributed to crystal water removed only above 180 °C and artifacts connected with the drift correction problem. By comparing water release curves for single PM-compounds like pure SiO2; Al2O3; NH4NO3; (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl with water spectra obtained for real PM samples, it was found that water in particulate matter mainly comes from the dehydration of TSP-bound crystalline like Al2O3, SiO2 and to a lesser extent from salts like NH4NO3; (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl. A newly used thermal ramp method was able to assess water contents from Teflon–polypropylene baked filters characterized by low melting points and therefore filter degradation even under temperatures oscillating around 200 °C. The advantage of this new work is the separation of different types of TSP-bound water contributions, facilitating and promoting further research on the origin of PM-bound water and its role in atmospheric chemistry, secondary aerosol formation and visibility.
Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Krzysztof Loska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6196 .
AMA StyleKamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Malwina Tytła, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Krzysztof Loska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Malwina Tytła; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Krzysztof Loska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2020. "Strongly and Loosely Bound Water in Ambient Particulate Matter—Qualitative and Quantitative Determination by Karl Fischer Coulometric Method." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6196.
The aim of this study was the identification of the factors that determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the indoor air of a selected sports facility, as well as the assessment of the health exposure of the sports facility users (pupils aged 8–18 years, trainers and athletes aged 21–40 years) to PM and its components. The mass concentration of size-resolved (PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5-4, PM4-10, PM10-100) total suspended particles (TSP) was measured using DustTrak DRX devices. Measurements were conducted for 8 h a day, simultaneously inside and outside a typical sports hall in Warsaw, for 20 days each in the heating (16/10/–20/11/2017) and non-heating (18/05/–21/06/2017) seasons. At the same time, samples of PM4 and TSP were taken (GilAir 3 aspirators) to determine ambient concentrations of PM-bound metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The main factor affecting TSP concentration in the sports facility was dust resuspension; it was especially visible in variations of coarse PM concentrations. The concentrations of fine PM as well as PM-bound metals and PAHs inside the hall were determined mainly by outdoor sources – combustion of fossil fuels and non-traffic emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) related to the exposure of the sports hall users to PM-bound metals and PAHs was in the range of 6.9E-05–1.1E-04; it was higher than that calculated for PM-bound metals and PAHs in atmospheric air (5.4E-05–9.8E-05). The highest ILCR concerns pupils, which inside the sports facility is above the acceptable risk level value of 1E-04.
Karolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Health exposure of users of indoor sports centers related to the physico-chemical properties of particulate matter. Building and Environment 2020, 180, 106935 .
AMA StyleKarolina Bralewska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Health exposure of users of indoor sports centers related to the physico-chemical properties of particulate matter. Building and Environment. 2020; 180 ():106935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2020. "Health exposure of users of indoor sports centers related to the physico-chemical properties of particulate matter." Building and Environment 180, no. : 106935.
The aim of this study was to evaluate benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene (BTEXS) concentrations in the changing room and garage in a fire station located in the Upper Silesian agglomeration (Poland), to compare them with the concentrations of the same compounds in the atmospheric air (outdoor background) and to assess the health exposure to BTEXS among firefighters and office workers in this unit. BTEXS samples were collected during the winter of 2018 in parallel in the garage, in the changing room, and outside, using sorption tubes filled with activated carbon. The average total BTEXS concentrations in the changing room and garage were over six times higher than those in the atmospheric air in the vicinity of the fire station. At each sampling site, toluene and benzene had the highest concentrations. According to the diagnostic indicators, the combustion of various materials and fuels was the source of BTEXS inside, while outside, the sources were the combustion of fuels and industrial activity. The carcinogenic risk related to benzene inhalation by the firefighters and office employees in the monitored unit exceeded the acceptable risk level value of 7.8 × 10−6 per 1 μg/m3 by more than 20 times.
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Izabela Jureczko. BTEXS Concentrations and Exposure Assessment in a Fire Station. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 470 .
AMA StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Izabela Jureczko. BTEXS Concentrations and Exposure Assessment in a Fire Station. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (5):470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Karolina Bralewska; Izabela Jureczko. 2020. "BTEXS Concentrations and Exposure Assessment in a Fire Station." Atmosphere 11, no. 5: 470.
The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the combustion of various types of materials (i.e., oak, beech, and pine wood, polypropylene, polyurethane, paper, cotton, and oriented strand board (OSB)), and to compare the carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic potential of the emissions during the burning of these materials. Personal portable sampling devices were used to collect samples and to determine concentrations of PM4, total suspended particles (TSPs), PM-bound PAHs. The samples were collected during controlled fires under laboratory conditions. The highest PM concentration was recorded during the burning of polyurethane (PM4-1818 mg/m3, TSP-2800 mg/m3), while the highest concentration of PAH mixture was recorded when burning OSB (628.5 µg/m3 PM4-bound; 791.2 µg/m3 TSP-bound PAHs). Thus, the highest carcinogenic (85.5 µg/m3), mutagenic (68.2 µg/m3) and toxic equivalents (26.4 ng/m3) of the PAH mixture were noted during OSB combustion. Carcinogenic potential (CP) of PAH group was determined mainly by phenanthrene (CP on average 21.6%) and pyrene concentrations (13.3%). The results of the study express possible adverse effects from PM-bound PAHs released during combustion for firefighters and other people staying near a fire site.
Karolina Bralewska; Joanna Rakowska. Concentrations of Particulate Matter and PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released during Combustion of Various Types of Materials and Possible Toxicological Potential of the Emissions: The Results of Preliminary Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3202 .
AMA StyleKarolina Bralewska, Joanna Rakowska. Concentrations of Particulate Matter and PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released during Combustion of Various Types of Materials and Possible Toxicological Potential of the Emissions: The Results of Preliminary Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarolina Bralewska; Joanna Rakowska. 2020. "Concentrations of Particulate Matter and PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released during Combustion of Various Types of Materials and Possible Toxicological Potential of the Emissions: The Results of Preliminary Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3202.
Pollutants present in road dust deriving from traffic, such as PAHs and other organic compounds or heavy metals, are washed out with rain and get into the water bodies accumulating in sediments for many years and simultaneously posing a threat to aquatic life and significantly affecting water quality. To study the impact of these toxic compounds on the health of living organisms, routine tests of water and sediments chemistry are insufficient as studies based on living organisms are much more reliable. And therefore, in order to know the response of living organisms to road dust pollutants which enter the water bodies the chronic toxicity test OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ was used. This test is based on the observation of development of Heterocypris incongruens that normally lives in sediments. Ostracod, H. incongruens is very sensitive to heavy metal contamination, thus it is a very good tool to study toxicity of road dust washed out with rain into the water bodies. The research was conducted in the Wrocław agglomeration (in the city centre and suburbs) at sites differing in the intensity of car traffic. We observed that road dust had a significant effect on growth inhibition and death of ostracods, as highest growth inhibition and mortality in the busy areas occurred which also corresponded with highest concentrations of studied elements at these sites. On the other hand, road dust collected in the suburbs of Wrocław did not cause death of H. incongruens and only slightly affected their development. In conclusion, we can state that the chronic toxicity test OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ is a suitable tool to study the impact of road dust on the aquatic ecosystem.
Magdalena Wróbel; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Justyna Rybak. Przykłady wykorzystania testu OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ do oceny zanieczyszczenia pyłów drogowych metalami w aglomeracji wrocławskiej. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 2020, 29, 27 -36.
AMA StyleMagdalena Wróbel, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Justyna Rybak. Przykłady wykorzystania testu OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ do oceny zanieczyszczenia pyłów drogowych metalami w aglomeracji wrocławskiej. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska. 2020; 29 (1):27-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Wróbel; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Justyna Rybak. 2020. "Przykłady wykorzystania testu OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ do oceny zanieczyszczenia pyłów drogowych metalami w aglomeracji wrocławskiej." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 29, no. 1: 27-36.
In this study, urban road dust (URD) samples were collected in two populated agglomerations of Wrocław and Katowice (Lower and Upper Silesia) in Poland. Both the total concentrations of URD-bound Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Ba, Cr, Mg, and Al and concentrations of their water-soluble fraction were determined. The contamination characteristics and health risk related to these elements were assessed. Contamination level assessment was done by Pollution Load Index (PLI), which indicated much higher pollution of Katowice agglomeration than Wrocław. The enrichment factor values (EF) showed that the most elements in both Katowice and Wrocław orginated from anthropogenic sources. The calculations of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that Zn and As are the key pollutants in Katowice; and in the Wrocław region, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni are. The principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis provide information about the potential sources of metals. Additionally, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed and four factors in PMF analysis were found and then interpreted by comparing to the source profiles. Three contamination sources were revealed: fossil fuel combustion, road traffic and industrial emissions. Although the main source of studied metals in Lower Silesia is road traffic, in Upper Silesia, domestic heating with the use of hard and brawn coal and industrial activity predominates. Human exposure to individual toxic metals through road dust was assessed for both children and adults. By calculating the average daily dose (ADD) via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, it was found that ingestion and then dermal contact were the greatest exposure pathways for humans in Katowice and Wrocław. Children had greater health risks than adults. According to the health risk assessment, the overall non-carcinogenic risks in both urban areas was rather low. The only exception was As bound to urban road dust in Katowice agglomeration, which indicates risk for children when ingested. The total excess cancer risk (ECR) was also lower than the acceptable level (10−6–10−4) for both adults and children, although ECR for Katowice was closer to this limit.
Justyna Rybak; Magdalena Wróbel; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Selected Metals in Urban Road Dust: Upper and Lower Silesia Case Study. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 290 .
AMA StyleJustyna Rybak, Magdalena Wróbel, Jan Stefan Bihałowicz, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Selected Metals in Urban Road Dust: Upper and Lower Silesia Case Study. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (3):290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustyna Rybak; Magdalena Wróbel; Jan Stefan Bihałowicz; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2020. "Selected Metals in Urban Road Dust: Upper and Lower Silesia Case Study." Atmosphere 11, no. 3: 290.
This paper presents results of the research on soluble inorganic As(III) and As(V) bound to submicron atmospheric particles (PM1) in two Polish urban background sites (Zabrze and Warsaw). The purpose of the research was to give some insight on the susceptibility to leaching of PM1-bound arsenic species from easily water-soluble compounds, i.e., considered potentially bioavailable based on its daily and seasonal changes. Quantitative analysis for 120 PM1 samples (collected from 24 June 2014 to 8 March 2015) was performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean seasonal concentrations of dominant soluble As specie—As(V)—ranged from 0.27 ng/m3 in the summer season in Warsaw to 2.41 ng/m3 in the winter season in Zabrze. Its mean mass shares in total As were 44% in Warsaw and 75% in Zabrze in the winter and 18% and 48%, respectively, in the summer. Obtained results indicated fossil fuel combustion as the main source of PM1-bound As(V) and road traffic emission as its minor sources. In opposite to As(V), soluble As(III) was not clearly seasonally variable. In both seasons, its mean concentrations were higher in Zabrze than in Warsaw. As(III) concentrations were not preferentially shaped by an exact emission from road traffic in both cities.
Katarzyna Nocoń; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Soluble Inorganic Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Submicron Particles in Two Polish Urban Background Sites. Sustainability 2020, 12, 837 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Nocoń, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Soluble Inorganic Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Submicron Particles in Two Polish Urban Background Sites. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Nocoń; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. 2020. "Soluble Inorganic Arsenic Species in Atmospheric Submicron Particles in Two Polish Urban Background Sites." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 837.
The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of particulate matter, analyze the percentage share of four particulate matter subfractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10) in TSP (total mass of particulate matter (PM)) in a typical Polish sports hall at different day periods during heating and non-heating seasons, and compare the average daily doses of respirable dust (PM4) for three groups of the sports hall users (pupils, teachers, and athletes). Gravimetric measurements of PM4 and TSP concentrations and optical measurements of the concentrations of five PM fractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PM100) were conducted for 8 hours a day, simultaneously inside and outside the hall, for 20 days each in summer and winter. During training, PM mass was concentrated mainly in coarse particles (PM2.5–100) (summer—55%, winter—35%). Without activity, the main part of PM mass was from fine particles (PM2.5, summer—59%, winter—75%). In summer, PM inside the hall originated mainly from internal sources. In winter, the fine PM concentration was affected by outdoor sources. The daily doses of PM4 for different groups of sports hall users indicate that the health exposure of sports practitioners to PM may be greater than for non-practitioners staying in the same conditions.
Karolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Adrian Bralewski. Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in a Selected Sports Facility in Poland. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6911 .
AMA StyleKarolina Bralewska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Adrian Bralewski. Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in a Selected Sports Facility in Poland. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6911.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarolina Bralewska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Adrian Bralewski. 2019. "Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in a Selected Sports Facility in Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6911.
The work presents the results of research and analyses related to measurements of concentration and chemical composition of three size fractions of particulate matter (PM), PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0. The studies were conducted in the years 2014–2016 during both the heating and non-heating season in two Polish cities: Wrocław and Poznań. The studies indicate that in Wrocław and Poznań, the highest annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10) were observed in 2016, and the mean concentrations were respectively equal to 18.16 μg/m3, 30.88 μg/m3 and 41.08 μg/m3 (Wrocław) and 8.5 μg/m3, 30.8 μg/m3 and 32.9 μg/m3 (Poznań). Conducted analyses of the chemical composition of the particulate matter also indicated higher concentrations of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble ions in a measurement series which took place in the heating season were studied. Analyses with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a dominating percentage of fuel combustion processes as sources of particulate matter emission in the areas considered in this research. Acquired results from these analyses may indicate the influence of secondary aerosols on air quality. In the summer season, a significant role could be also played by an influx of pollutants—mineral dust—originating from outside the analyzed areas or from the resuspension of mineral and soil dust.
Izabela Sówka; Anna Chlebowska-Styś; Łukasz Pachurka; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Barbara Mathews. Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration Variability and Origin in Selected Urban Areas in Poland. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5735 .
AMA StyleIzabela Sówka, Anna Chlebowska-Styś, Łukasz Pachurka, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Barbara Mathews. Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration Variability and Origin in Selected Urban Areas in Poland. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Sówka; Anna Chlebowska-Styś; Łukasz Pachurka; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Barbara Mathews. 2019. "Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration Variability and Origin in Selected Urban Areas in Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5735.
Concrete is an extremely important factor for shaping today’s infrastructure. However, it must be replaced or repaired over time. The various methods used to remove, repair or change existing concrete structures into new ones can globally release large amounts of dust into the air. Taking into...
Magdalena Penkała; Paweł Ogrodnik; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Silica Dust as an Additive in Concrete with Proven Impact on Human Health. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 28, 4057 -4071.
AMA StyleMagdalena Penkała, Paweł Ogrodnik, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. Silica Dust as an Additive in Concrete with Proven Impact on Human Health. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 28 (6):4057-4071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Penkała; Paweł Ogrodnik; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. 2019. "Silica Dust as an Additive in Concrete with Proven Impact on Human Health." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 6: 4057-4071.
Research concerning the ambient particulate matter (PM) in the indoor environment has attracted much interest lately. Most often, studies concern some aspect of PM mass concentrations for the PM10 and PM2.5 fractions and less often the chemical composition of the indoor PM. In the framework of this study, an overview of the existing data in the literature concerning PM in the indoor environment of non-residential buildings has been compiled. An in-depth literature review indicates a lack of comprehensive research data regarding the state and quality of atmospheric air in non-residential buildings. It also highlights an emerging need for more knowledge on the indoor/outdoor air pollution relationships in such facilities. Although several studies underline the topics connected to the concentrations and chemical properties of PM in public utility environments, like offices, kindergartens, schools, churches, libraries, or in occupational environments, only a limited number of those are concerned with its presence inside sports facilities. The concentration of PM in the indoor air of closed sports venues is an important parameter for the users of these facilities due to the potentially harmful effects associated with PM inhalation. This negative influence includes the loss of athletic performance and health reflected by, among other factors, the loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function.
Karolina Kuskowska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 28, 3043 -3062.
AMA StyleKarolina Kuskowska, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 28 (5):3043-3062.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarolina Kuskowska; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec. 2019. "Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 5: 3043-3062.
Samples of PM1 were collected at two urban background sites, one in Zabrze and one in Warsaw (Poland), in summer (24 June - 22 August 2014) and winter (8 January - 8 March 2015) in parallel. At each site, in each season, 60 diurnal (24-h) samples were taken. The samples were analyzed for carbon (organic OC, and elemental, EC) and water soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−) by using, respectively, a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer and a Herisau Metrohm AG ion chromatograph. Each 24-h sample of PM1 was checked for mass closure using the categorization of the chemical components into: primary (POM) and secondary (SOM) organic matter, secondary inorganic matter (SIM), elemental carbon (EC), and sodium and chlorine (Na_Cl). The seasonal effects, typical of urban areas in Poland, are clearly seen in the whole series of the 24-hour PM1 concentrations. Most of the PM1components and PM1 had their mean concentrations higher in winter than in summer. Secondary aerosol (SOM+SIM) accounts for approx. 55% of the PM1 mass in Warsaw and 40% in Zabrze.
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Barbara Mathews. Mass concentration and chemical composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in the Polish urban areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 214, 012092 .
AMA StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Barbara Mathews. Mass concentration and chemical composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in the Polish urban areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 214 (1):012092.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Grzegorz Majewski; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Barbara Mathews. 2019. "Mass concentration and chemical composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in the Polish urban areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 214, no. 1: 012092.
In this study, air pollutants were determined on spider webs collected from six indoor sites in the Lower Silesia region, southwest Poland. In order to assess the mutagenicity (M) of the collected samples, the standard Salmonella assay was used with two Salmonella typhimurium strains, TA98 and YG1041. The assays were conducted with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). The presence of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH-derivatives (nitro-PAHs; NPAHs) on spider webs was also assessed at the studied sites. The total PAH content of collected samples ranged from 1.65 to 51.75 µg g−1; the total NPAH content ranged from 0.22 to 2.44 μg g−1. The highest PAH concentration was found at two sites: a basement with coal heating (S4) and a garage (S6). Samples from these two sites were also characterized by the highest mutagenicity values in TA98 strain (65,127 and 35,565 revertants/g of web in the absence and presence of S9 mix, respectively, for S4 and 54,753 and 46,262 revertants/g, respectively, for S6). For strain YG1041, the highest values were obtained in a basement with coal heating; values were 233,748 and 185,321 revertants/g of web in the absence and presence of S9 mix, respectively. The concentration of PAHs was significantly correlated with the mutagenicity (M) of the web samples collected. Reassuming, people are exposed to substances with possible carcinogenic properties and potential adverse health effect through the ambient air due to vehicular traffic, heating systems, cooking habits etc. The application of spider webs sampling could bring the very important information regarding the possible health effect associated with indoor air, making these kind of studies cheap and reliable.
Radosław Rutkowski; Justyna Rybak; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Maciej Bełcik; Katarzyna Piekarska; Izabela Jureczko. Mutagenicity of indoor air pollutants adsorbed on spider webs. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 171, 549 -557.
AMA StyleRadosław Rutkowski, Justyna Rybak, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Maciej Bełcik, Katarzyna Piekarska, Izabela Jureczko. Mutagenicity of indoor air pollutants adsorbed on spider webs. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 171 ():549-557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadosław Rutkowski; Justyna Rybak; Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Maciej Bełcik; Katarzyna Piekarska; Izabela Jureczko. 2019. "Mutagenicity of indoor air pollutants adsorbed on spider webs." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 171, no. : 549-557.
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Tomasz Mach; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Justyna Rybak; Katarzyna Nocoń. Concentration and elemental composition of quasi-ultrafine particles in Upper Silesia. Environment Protection Engineering 2019, 45, 1 .
AMA StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Tomasz Mach, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Justyna Rybak, Katarzyna Nocoń. Concentration and elemental composition of quasi-ultrafine particles in Upper Silesia. Environment Protection Engineering. 2019; 45 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWioletta Rogula-Kozłowska; Tomasz Mach; Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec; Justyna Rybak; Katarzyna Nocoń. 2019. "Concentration and elemental composition of quasi-ultrafine particles in Upper Silesia." Environment Protection Engineering 45, no. 1: 1.