In Pakistan, women face economic and social vulnerability, which keeps them underpaid even without social barriers. Government micro and macroeconomic policies are aimed at income generation rather than making women part of the economic mainstream. The cash transfer program is an essential component of social protection policy in the developing world, with one of its key objectives of raising women's financial autonomy. This research investigates the impact of Pakistan's first and largest cash transfer program, named Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), on women's vulnerable employment. BISP was initiated by identifying poor households based on poverty score cutoff, thereby exploiting Regression Discontinuity Design. The findings revealed that this program reduced vulnerable employment in the initial years of its inception. However, it does not impact the later follow-up years. Policymakers should take necessary measures so that women's non-vulnerable employment may improve.

This research aims to assess the household and individual-level factors, specifically education, that affect the probability of women being engaged in decent work activities in the labor market. The study utilized the most recent labor force survey data from Pakistan with a sample size of 64,009 women. The research exploits the multinomial logit model (MNL) for data analysis. Several studies exist on the causes of female labor force participation nationally—in Pakistan—and internationally. However, there is a lack of research exploring the link between women’s access to decent work and various household and individual-level characteristics. This study intends to fill this literature gap by exploiting the largest nationwide labor force survey and exploring how household and individual-level factors, specifically focusing on women’s education level, relate to women’s employment status categories. The study’s findings reveal that education plays an essential role in uplifting women for better employment opportunities, i.e., educated women are more likely to be engaged in decent labor market activities such as paid employees and employers. The findings of the study propose some significant policy implications. E.g., (i) since education is the key to open better and decent work opportunities, it is crucial for women and their household heads to invest in education and vocational training; (ii) there is a dire need to have a policy shift in providing women access to at least a higher secondary (HS) level of education in Pakistan. The rationale is that less educated and illiterate women are concentrated in vulnerable employment; and (iii) at a micro level, there is a need to bring awareness among male household heads, specifically in rural areas, to realize that working women should not be considered a social stigma for the household.

Objective: Perceived innovation is considered a significant predictor of purchase intention. This study explores the influence of perceived innovation on purchasing intention and the mediating role of perceived quality, especially for female consumers. The impact of four dimensions of perceived innovation on purchase intention is studied separately. Methodology: A survey of 227 female respondents revealed that female attitudes toward innovation have changed. The hypothesized relations were tested with a sample of 227 respondents by applying different statistical tests. Mediation analysis was conducted by using process macro. Findings: The study results show that four dimensions of perceived innovation positively influence purchase intention. Perceived quality significantly mediates all relationships. There exists partial mediation in all relationships. Value Added: The study analyses a valuable part of the growing cell phone market in Pakistan, and the methodology can be used for broader research. Recommendations: The study suggests that marketers can develop innovative marketing and service strategies to attract more females. Further, the focus should be placed on product innovation and technology innovation.

W artykule poddano analizie wpływ fuzji i przejęć (M&A) na aktywa niematerialne oraz wyniki finansowe przedsiębiorstw z branży agrobiznesu w gospodarkach wschodzących, koncentrując się na Brazylii, Rosji, Indiach, Chinach i Republice Południowej Afryki. Wykorzystano dane pochodzące z 25 firm z lat 2015–2020. Zastosowano analizę obwiedni danych (DEA), regresję Tobita oraz testy t w celu porównania wyników finansowych i efektów dotyczących aktywów niematerialnych przed i po M&A. Wyniki wskazują na istotny wzrost skali i efektywności aktywów niematerialnych po połączeniu, któremu towarzyszą większe inwestycje w relacje z klientami i marketing oraz wzrost obrotów ze sprzedaży. Jednak krótkookresowa rentowność operacyjna, mierzona marżą EBIT, nie wykazuje statystycznie istotnej poprawy. Ustalenia te sugerują, że transgraniczne fuzje i przejęcia wzmacniają tworzenie wartości niematerialnych oraz zdolności organizacyjne, natomiast poprawa wyników finansowych może ujawnić się dopiero po pewnym czasie, ze względu na koszty integracji i procesy restrukturyzacyjne.

The paper addresses an important topic regarding women's mobility. Author utilizes qualitative data analysis technique to explore the perceptions of transport experts towards the state of transport and mobility barriers faced by women in the context...