This study aimed to investigate the potential use of brown algae Sargassum polycystum as irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression material. Potassium alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum was prepared in three different compositions (14%, 15%, and 16%) and mixed with other standard components to form an alginate impression material. Prior to that, the purity of potassium alginate was quantified with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. As a control material, the alginate impression material from a commercially available product was used. All alginate impression materials were then applied to a die stone model. Dimensional accuracy was measured by calculating the mesiodistal width of incisors in the generated dental cast using a digital caliper 0.01 accuracy (five replications). In addition, to evaluate the dimensional stability, the impression results were poured at four different periods (immediately, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min). An independent t-test was performed to compare the measurement results with p < 0.05 considered significant. Analytical results confirm that the impression material containing 15% potassium alginate gives the best dimensional accuracy similar to control (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, the optimal dimensional stability was produced in the impression material containing 16% potassium alginate. Our study suggested that brown algae Sargassum polycystum has a promising potential to be used as an alginate impression material in clinical application.

Bone preservation is a critical procedure in dentistry aimed at maintaining the volume of the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction. Traditional materials used for this purpose, such as unresorbable bovine xenograft, present various drawbacks, including potential complications and limitations in biological interaction. This study explores the potential of natural materials for bone tissue engineering, specifically chitosan extracted from shrimp skin waste, alginate, and fucoidan from Sargassum species. These materials were processed into a scaffold using the freeze-dryer method. The physical characteristics of the scaffolds were evaluated through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and porosity tests. Biocompatibility was assessed using the haemolysis method, with scaffolds prepared at various chitosan-alginate-fucoidan ratios. The scaffold with a chitosan-alginate-fucoidan ratio of 1.00:3.00:0.10 demonstrated significantly lower haemolysis rates and exhibited the largest pore diameter, facilitating cellular activity and nutrient exchange essential for new bone growth. This ratio also achieved the highest total porosity at a mean of 86.86 ± 0.9%. Utilizing natural materials in scaffold construction for bone preservation offers a promising alternative to traditional grafting methods, potentially enhancing biocompatibility and promoting effective bone regeneration in dental applications.

Background: Tooth extraction procedures often lead to bone resorption, which can have adverse effects on the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. Research has shown that socket preservation techniques using bone graft substitutes can effectively minimize early bone loss in such cases. α–calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) has garnered significant attention as a potential bone graft material due to its favorable properties, including osteoconductivity, angiogenic potential, and biocompatibility. Considering these facts, we developed a preliminary protocol for applying α-CSH in addressing alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction. Objective: This research’s general objective is to evaluate the feasibility and initial effectiveness of α-CSH as bone-inducing graft material for socket preservation after tooth extraction. Methods: This preliminary clinical trial will involve 30 fresh extraction sockets from individuals aged 18-35 years. The participants will be divided into 2 groups: one group will receive α-CSH graft material after tooth extraction for socket preservation, while the other group will not receive any graft material. Throughout the study, the participants will be closely monitored for safety measures, which will include clinical examinations, radiographic imaging, and blood tests. Radiographic imaging will be used extensively to assist the progress of bone formation. Results: The study commenced enrollment in August 2022 and is scheduled to conclude post assessments and analyses by the end of 2023. The results of the study are anticipated to be accessible in late 2024. Conclusions: This clinical study represents the initial investigation in humans to assess the feasibility and efficacy of α-CSH in alveolar bone regeneration. We hypothesize that the inclusion of α-CSH can greatly expedite the process of bone formation within fresh sockets, resulting in a swift restoration of bone height without the disadvantages associated with harvesting autogenous bone graft. Trial Registration: Indonesia Registry Center INA-D02FAHP; https://tinyurl.com/2jnf6n3s International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/49922

Introduction: The effect of bleaching on tooth structure is the loss of interprismatic substance which causes prism irregularities and changes in enamel morphology such as increased porosity and demineralization. This can be stopped by encouraging remineralization if the pH is neutralized and there are enough calcium and phosphate ions in the oral cavity. One agent that can be used to help the remineralization process is nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) which is a bioactive and biocompatible material for the natural mineral enamel. This study aims to determine change in the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and CPP-ACP as a positive control. Material and methods: The research design was a pre-post test control group design. Six maxillary first premolars were cut to the CEJ with a size of 5x5x2 mm then 40% hydrogen peroxide was applied. The first group was applied nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and the second group was applied CPP-ACP. Determination the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite was carried out before and after bleaching and after aplication of remineralizing agent. Results: The study showed an decrease the porosity, calcium, phospate and increase hydroxyapatite precentage after sampel was applied to the remineralizating material nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and CPP-ACP. Conlusion: nHA results of blood clam shell synthesis has the potential to be used as an enamel remineralization agent after in-office bleaching. Key words: Blood clam shell, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, In-office bleaching, Nano Hydroxyapatite

The present study aimed to assess the incidence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism TaqI in patients with periodontitis, and the potential association of this polymorphism with the severity of the disease. This was a case‑controlled study, which included 162 adults divided into two groups as follows: Case group (81 patients diagnosed with periodontitis) and control group (81 patients without periodontitis). Venous blood was obtained from each sample from which DNA was extracted. The gene polymorphism was determined using restricted fragment length polymorphism‑PCR and DNA sequencing to identify endonuclease restrictions in exon 9 (TaqI). The data were analyzed using an independent samples t‑test. VDR gene polymorphisms were detected in periodontitis cases with TT (86.4%), Tt (12.4%) and tt (1.2%) genotypes. DNA sequencing confirmed a change in the sequence of the VDR gene nucleotides in patients with periodontitis. The data indicated that the severity of periodontal tissue damage may be influenced by changes in the nucleotide sequence.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the properties of suckermouth catfish bone extract, which allows it to be adopted as a raw material for bone graft following its graft in an artificial defect of a rat model. Material and Methods: Hydroxyapatite (HA) from suckermouth catfish bone extract was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and its toxicity was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). This material was grafted on artificial defects in rats’ femoral bones, which were observed immunologically by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after one week and four weeks, and radiographically in the second week, and histologically in the second and fourth weeks. Results: FTIR shows that this material consists of phosphate, hydroxyl, and carbonate groups, while the BSLT results show that this material is not toxic. Observations by ELISA showed an increase in the expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) in defects with HA in the fourth week. Radiographically the defect did not show closure in the second week. In contrast, histological analysis showed a better bone healing process in the defect, which was applied with the HA of the suckermouth catfish bone. Conclusion: The HA extracted from the suckermouth catfish bone has beneficial properties as an alternative to bone graft raw material and, more investigated needed to support this biomaterial to be used in the treatment of bone loss. KEYWORDS Hydroxyapatite; Bone graft; Bone defect; Bone healing; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.