The effect of four controllable input process parameters of AISI 4140 steel, cross-feed, workpiece velocity, wheel velocity, and the depth of cut were experimentally investigated under dry and wet conditions. Three responses, contact temperature, material removal rate (MRR), and machining cost during surface grinding of AISI 4140 steel, were considered. The process was optimized using a recently developed combined methodology based on response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functional approach (DFA). RSM generated the models of the responses for prediction while DFA solved these multi-response optimization problems. The DFA approach employed an objective function known as the desirability function, which converts an estimated response into a scale-free value known as desirability. The optimum parameter was attained at the maximum overall desirability. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to confirm the model adequacy. From the results of the study, for equal weights of responses, the corresponding optimal values of the input parameters cross-feed, workpiece velocity, the wheel or cutting velocity and the depth of cut were found to be 6 mm/pass, 12 m/min, 15 m/s, and 0.095 mm respectively in wet conditions. The corresponding predicted output responses were: 134.55 °C for the temperature, and 7.366 BDT (Taka, Currency of Bangladesh) for the total cost with an overall desirability of 0.844. Confirmation testing of optimized parameters, i.e., checking the validity of optimal set of predicted responses with the real experimental run were conducted, and it was found that the experimental value for temperature and total cost were 140.854 °C and 8.36 BDT, respectively, with an overall desirability of 0.863. Errors of the predicted value from the experimental value for equal weightage scheme were 4.47% for the temperature and 7.37% for the total cost. It was also found that if the temperature was prioritized, then the wet condition dominated the overall desirability, which was expected. However, if the cost was given high weightage, dry condition achieved the highest overall desirability. This can be attributed to the cutting in the wet condition which was more expensive due to the application of cutting fluid. The proposed model was found to be new and highly flexible in the sense that there was always an option at hand to focus on a particular response if needed.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the defining health crisis of the world in 2020 and the world economy is affected as well. Bangladesh is also one of the impacted countries, which needs to conduct sufficient tests to identify patients and accordingly adopt measures to limit the massive outbreak of this viral infection. But due to economic drawbacks and also unavailability of testing equipment, Bangladesh is lagging critically behind in test numbers. This study shows a pool testing method named Conditional Cluster Sampling (CCS) that utilizes soft computing and data analysis techniques to reduce the expense of total testing equipment. The proposed method also demonstrates its effectiveness compared to the traditional individual testing method. Firstly, according to patients’ symptoms and severity of their conditions, they are classified into four classes- Minor, Moderate, Major, Critical. After that Random Forest Classifier (RFC) is used to predict the class. Then random sampling is done from each class according to CCS. Finally, using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) for 100 cycles, the effectiveness of CCS is demonstrated for different probability levels of infection. It is shown that the CCS method can save up to 22% of the test kits that can save a huge amount of money as well as testing time.

In the competitive market of apparel manufacturing, lead time for production plays a significant role in the delivery of the produces impacting the entire supply chain. Nowadays, composite manufacturers are leaning towards delivering within the shortest possible time to retain customers in this competitive market. To meet this challenge, proper production planning either using the correct method or the appropriate tools is a prerequisite condition; otherwise, mills will inevitably suffer losses or fail to drain out the maximum possible profit from the produces and may also suffer from promoting more expenses rather than yielding revenues. This study deals with the development of a linear programming model in order to reduce the complexity of the scheduling problem of a Composite Textile Industry in pursuit of maximizing profit or minimizing production costs. The model is developed considering process segmentation, utilization of machines and other resources, with respect to lead time. Four different components of the lead time are derived and an excel solver is used in solving the model. En el mercado competitivo de la fabricación de prendas de vestir, el tiempo de entrega para la producción juega un papel importante en la entrega de los productos que afectan a toda la cadena de suministro. Hoy en día, los fabricantes de compuestos se están inclinando hacia la entrega en el menor tiempo posible para retener a los clientes en este mercado competitivo. Para enfrentar este desafío, la planificación adecuada de la producción, ya sea utilizando el método correcto o las herramientas apropiadas, es una condición previa; de lo contrario, las fábricas inevitablemente sufrirán pérdidas o no podrán drenar el máximo beneficio posible de los productos y también pueden sufrir la promoción de más gastos en lugar de generar ingresos. Este estudio se ocupa del desarrollo de un modelo de programación lineal para reducir la complejidad del problema de programación de una industria textil compuesta en pos de maximizar las ganancias o minimizar los costos de producción. El modelo se desarrolla considerando la segmentación del proceso, la utilización de máquinas y otros recursos, con respecto al tiempo de entrega. Se derivan cuatro componentes diferentes del tiempo de entrega y se utiliza un solucionador de Excel para resolver el modelo. No mercado competitivo de fabricação de vestuário, o lead time para a produção desempenha um papel significativo na entrega dos produtos, impactando toda a cadeia de suprimentos. Atualmente, os fabricantes de compósitos estão inclinados a fornecer no menor tempo possível para reter clientes nesse mercado competitivo. Para enfrentar esse desafio, o planejamento adequado da produção, usando o método correto ou as ferramentas apropriadas, é uma condição prévia; caso contrário, as usinas sofrerão inevitavelmente perdas ou deixarão de drenar o máximo lucro possível dos produtos e também poderão promover mais despesas em vez de gerar receitas. Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de um modelo de programação linear para reduzir a complexidade do problema de agendamento de uma indústria têxtil composta, buscando maximizar o lucro ou minimizar os custos de produção. O modelo é desenvolvido considerando a segmentação do processo, utilização de máquinas e outros recursos, com relação ao lead time. Quatro componentes diferentes do lead time são derivados e um solucionador de excel é usado na resolução do modelo.

Globalization and reflexive modernization are the main reasons for the development of the current social system. The discussion on women's demographic change in Bangladesh is not new rather than this must be voiced issue. Women are playing a significant role in various sectors in the country. Women are making themselves strongly changing socio-economic conditions, not only by indulging in household chores but also involving themselves in different sectors like RMG, banking, IT, teaching, and so on. By discussing some of the theories of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck, presenting the current social context of the women of Bangladesh which has shown how they are self-conscious and self-reliant. These theoretical standpoints have been used to identify causes, consequences, and adaptation mechanisms to deal with the modern social system. This study highlights how relationship patterns and labor markets are changing due to globalization. It also analyzes the responsible elements and symptoms of the individualization of women in Bangladesh. The recent conflicting interests, love, and sexual life are investigated in this paper.