This study tested the hypothesis that ewes bearing single or twin lambs shorn at 70 or 120 days of pregnancy would give birth to lambs more vigorous than those born to unshorn ewes, increasing the chances of lamb survival. This was tested in two experiments. In the first, 57 adult Corriedale ewes bearing single lambs were allocated to three treatments; shearing at Day 70 of gestation (S70, n = 18), shearing at Day 120 of gestation (S120, n = 19) or unshorn (US, n = 20). In the second, 57 Corriedale ewes bearing twins were allocated to the same treatments: S70, n = 18; S120, n = 20; or US, n = 19. All ewes grazed native pasture until penned and fed individually to requirements during the last 10 days of pregnancy. Gestation length, lamb birthweight, lamb behaviour during their first hour of life, blood glucose and colostrum amount and composition were measured. In the first experiment, with single lambs, birthweights were similar (4.8, 4.7 and 4.7 kg for S70, S120 and US ewes, respectively; s.e. = 0.17, P = 0.47) and the ewes had lengths of gestation of 149 ± 0.6, 148 ± 0.5 and 147 ± 0.6 days respectively. Seventy-eight percent of S70 and 61% of S120 lambs sucked compared with 21% of US lambs (P < 0.001). In the second experiment, with twin lambs, S70 lambs were heavier than S120, which were heavier than US lambs (3.9, 3.4 and 3.1 kg; s.e. = 0.1, P < 0.0001). Ninety-seven percent of S70 and 92% of S120 lambs stood in their first hour of life compared with 68% of US lambs (P < 0.05). Sixty-seven percent of S70 and 63% of S120 lambs sucked compared with 22% of US lambs (P < 0.001). The length of gestation was 148 ± 0.4, 147 ± 0.5 and 144 ± 0.5 days for S70, S120 and US ewes. In both experiments there was no difference in the amount or quality of the colostrum produced by the ewes of the different treatments. We conclude that pre-partum shearing improves lambs’ behaviour independently of their birthweight and suggest that this could be because the lambs are more physiologically mature at birth.