School gardening activities (SGA) combined with physical activities (PA) may improve childhood dietary intake and prevent overweight and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SGA combined with PA on children’s dietary intake and anthropometric outcomes. We searched studies containing randomized controlled trials up to January 2021 in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the EBSCO database on this topic for children aged 7 to 12 years. Fourteen studies met the requirements for meta-analysis (n = 9187). We found that SGA has no obvious effect on improving children’s BMI (WMD = −0.49; p = 0.085; I² = 86.3%), BMI z-score (WMD = −0.12; p = 0.235; I² = 63.0%), and WC (WMD = −0.98; p = 0.05; I² = 72.9%). SGA can effectively improve children’s FVs (WMD = 0.59, p = 0.003, I² = 95.3%). SGA combined with PA can significantly increase children’s FVs but cannot greatly improve weight status. Although more studies on this topic are needed to prove the effectiveness of this method, the results of our review show that both SGA and SGA combined with PA has a modest but positive impact of reducing BMI and WC outcomes but can significantly increase children’s FVs.

Objectives: Tualang honey (TH) contains antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, phenolic acids, and flavonoids that may be protective against oxidative stress of exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the postprandial antioxidant activity and oxidative stress after ingestion of high and low dosages of TH in female athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty female athletes (aged 21.3 [2.1] years; body weight [BW] 54.1 [5.7] kg) were randomly assigned into two groups and consumed either 1.5 g/kg BW TH (high honey; HH; n = 10) or 0.75 g/kg BW TH (low honey; LH; n = 10). Blood sample was collected at fasting and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after TH consumption. Plasma was analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]), and oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and reactive oxygen species [ROS]). Results: The 3-h area under the curve (AUC) for MDA was significantly lower in the LH group compared with HH group, suggesting less oxidative stress in the LH group. However, the AUCs for TPC, FRAP, and ROS were not affected by the dosages. The concentrations of TPC and FRAP increased from baseline to 2 and 1 h after TH consumption, respectively, and concentrations returned toward baseline at 3 h in both LH and HH groups. MDA concentration significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from baseline to 2 h and significantly increased from 2 to 3 h in the HH group. Meanwhile, ROS levels increased significantly from 0.5 to 3 h in the HH group. The LH group showed similar trends as the HH group for MDA and ROS; however, this was not significant. Conclusions: The consumption of high and low doses of TH demonstrated a comparable response in increasing antioxidant activity and suppressing oxidative stress in female athletes. The time–course effect of TH that provides optimal antioxidant activity and oxidative stress protection was between 1 and 2 h after its consumption.

Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children has become a global public health problem. Therefore, school-based gardening and cooking (SGC) and sports participation (SP) interventions may be effective in improving children’s FV intake and MVPA. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of SGC and SP interventions on FV intake and MVPA among Chinese children. In this cluster randomized controlled trial study, 237 children in grades 4–5 from six public primary schools from Changsha, Hunan Province, China will be randomly assigned to: (1) a SGC and SP combined intervention group; (2) a SP intervention group; (3) a regular practice group. The intervention clusters will be implemented for a period of 6 months and follow up will be carried out after 12 months. The outcome will be collected using a combination of self-reported and objective measures. Primary outcomes will include children’s FV intake and duration of MVPA per day, and secondary outcomes will included frequency and attitudes of FV intake and SP, in addition to other measures. Finally, a process evaluation will be used to analyze the facilitators and barriers to intervention implementation. Trial Registration: (Registration Number: ChiCTR2200064141).

Children are often associated with play, which in turn makes playgrounds the main feature of highlight for kindergarten. The daily routine of letting children play freely with each other is a process for socializing and enhancing balanced physical growth. The Guidelines on The Establishment of Kindergarten, Ministry of Housing and Local Government 2012, as well as other guidelines related to the operation of kindergarten focuses only on the physical design of kindergarten buildings without due emphasis on play equipment. The objective of this study is to assess private kindergartens ability to maintain the playground and its equipment, perspective on the value of playgrounds, as well as parents and neighbourhood’s willingness to collaborate. The data was obtained from questionnaires and visits to various kindergarten locations between August 2020 to October 2020 during the nationwide implementation period of MCO. More than 90 kindergartens have been contacted and 60 feedbacks was received. The potential for private kindergarten collaboration with parents and neighbourhoods was assessed based on International Association for Public Participation (IAP2), Public Participation Spectrum Model which emphasizes on five phases of collaboration i.e. informing, consulting, engaging, cooperating and empowering. Findings showed that the scores of private kindergarten capabilities for managing play equipment and playgrounds is at mid-level. Private kindergarten operators are found to be less skilled at developing collaborative strategies with parents and neighbourhoods. Scores at good level are only for negotiation and engagement actions while related actions in the attempts to build relationships, work together and empower is at a low level and can be increased. Parents willingness to help private kindergartens is related to the community's potential to contribute to the quality management of public parks and enhancing the safety of children in public parks.

This study examined the relationships between perceived badminton instructors’ leadership styles (training and instruction, democratic, positive feedback, and social support behaviors), self-efficacy, and exercise adherence intention. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from late August to early October 2025, yielding 186 valid responses from 210 distributed questionnaires. Frequency and reliability analyses were conducted and structural equation modeling was performed. Training and instruction behavior was positively related to self-efficacy, whereas democratic, positive feedback, and social support behaviors were not significantly related to self-efficacy. Positive feedback behavior was positively related to exercise adherence intention, while training and instruction, democratic, and social support behaviors were not significantly related to exercise adherence intention. Self-efficacy was positively related to exercise adherence intention. Self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between training and instruction behavior and exercise adherence intention, whereas no significant mediation was found for democratic, positive feedback, or social support behaviors. This study identifies the structural relationships between perceived badminton instructors’ leadership styles, self-efficacy, and exercise adherence intention. The findings provide practical implications and evidence for developing effective coaching strategies to support exercise adherence intention among recreational badminton participants.