Metal organic framework (MOF)-derived nanoporous carbons (NPCs) have been proposed as promising electrode materials for energy storage and conversion devices. However, MOF-derived NPCs typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity due to the lack of connectivity between these particles and a micropore-dominated storage mechanism, which hinder mass and electron transfer, thereby leading to poor electrochemical performance. In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) MOF-derived carbon nanostructures obtained using an electrospinning method have emerged as promising materials for both electrochemical energy storage (EES) and energy conversion applications. In this mini review, the recent progress in the development of MOF-derived 1D porous or hollow carbon nanofibers using the electrospinning method and their application in energy storage (e.g., supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries) and conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells) is presented. The synthetic method, formation mechanism and the structure–activity relationship of such porous or hollow carbon nanofibers are also discussed in detail. Finally, future perspectives on the development of electrospun MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications are provided. This review will provide some guidance for future derivations of 1D hollow carbon nanomaterials from MOFs using electrospinning technology.

As a family member of MXenes, Ti₃C₂T_x has received worldwide interest due to its excellent electrochemical energy storage properties. However, freestanding Ti₃C₂T_x films synthesized by direct assembly of two-dimensional (2D) sheets have relatively low specific capacitance and rate capability due to the low ion transport efficiency between Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) sheets. Here, we demonstrate an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of MXene-based electrodes by incorporating MXene sheets with conducting polymers. A Ti₃C₂T_x/polyaniline (MXene/PANI) composite was fabricated by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers on the surface of Ti₃C₂T_x sheets. Benefiting from the highly conductive open structure, efficient ion and electron transport and high electrochemical activity of Ti₃C₂T_x and PANI, the MXene/PANI electrode presents a maximum specific capacitance of 556.2 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, an impressive rate capability (high capacitance retention of 78.7% at 5 A g⁻¹) and excellent cycling stability with a high capacitance retention of 91.6% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. Therefore, this paper provides a facile and effective method to achieve high performance MXene-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.