This paper reviews various methods for suppressing the shuttle effect, and the mechanisms of these methods were discussed in depth.

To sustainably satisfy the growing demand for energy, organic carbonyl compounds (OCCs) are being widely studied as electrode active materials for batteries owing to their high capacity, flexible structure, low cost, environmental friendliness, renewability, and universal applicability. However, their high solubility in electrolytes, limited active sites, and low conductivity are obstacles in increasing their usage. Here, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic carbonyl compounds (ACCs) is first used to explain the electrochemical behavior of carbonyl compounds during charge–discharge, and the relationship of the molecular structure and electrochemical properties of ACCs are discussed. Strategies for molecular structure modifications to improve the performance of ACCs, i.e., the capacity density, cycle life, rate performance, and voltage of the discharge platform, are also elaborated. ACCs, as electrode active materials in aqueous solutions, will become a future research hotspot. ACCs will inevitably become sustainable green materials for batteries with high capacity density and high power density.

This review discusses optimization methods for LiFePO₄from the extent of electron and Li⁺migration and proposes two future optimization approaches.

Electrocatalysis of polysulfides turns soluble species to surface absorbed ones, and promotes interfacial electron transfer processes. Recent advances in this field are reviewed, together with future strategies proposed for improving Li–S batteries.