The Internet of Things (IoT) is being used to create new applications for smart cities. Waste management is one issue that requires various IoT components for assistance, such as RFIDs and sensors. An efficient and innovative waste collection system is required to minimize investment, operational, and expenditure costs. In this paper, the novel idea is to develop an intelligent waste management model for smart cities using a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)–fuzzy inference engine. The system can read, collect, and process information intelligently using a fuzzy inference engine that decides dynamically how to manage a waste collection. The aim of this model is to enhance its correctness and robustness, primarily, in addition to reducing errors that arise due to working conditions. GA is used for optimization to determine the best combination of rules for the fuzzy inference system (FIS). A Mamdani model is used to estimate waste management. The proposed model uses sensors to collect vital information, and FIS is trained using fuzzy logic to determine the probability that the smart bin is nearly full. The primary issue with the traditional genetic algorithm is that during the execution of the algorithm, there is a possibility of essential gene loss. The essential gene loss refers to information relevant to location, details regarding waste filling parameters, etc., which may lead to efficiency or accuracy loss. This problem is overcome by integrating fuzzy logic with a genetic algorithm to identify crucial genes by preserving the FIS interpretability. Our system uses cost-effective, small-size sensors and ensures this solution is reproducible. The Proteus simulator is used for experiments, and satisfactory results are obtained. Overall accuracy, precision, and recall of 95.44%, 96.68%, and 93.96% are obtained in the proposed model. Classification of recyclable items is also performed, and accuracy is determined for every item, resulting in the minimization of resource waste. The cost of manual interpretation is minimized in the intelligent smart waste management system in comparison to the traditional approach, as shown in the experiments.

In recent years, different variants of the botnet are targeting government, private organizations and there is a crucial need to develop a robust framework for securing the IoT (Internet of Things) network. In this paper, a Hadoop based framework is proposed to identify the malicious IoT traffic using a modified Tomek-link under-sampling integrated with automated Hyper-parameter tuning of machine learning classifiers. The novelty of this paper is to utilize a big data platform for benchmark IoT datasets to minimize computational time. The IoT benchmark datasets are loaded in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) environment. Three machine learning approaches namely naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM) are used for categorizing IoT traffic. Artificial immune network optimization is deployed during cross-validation to obtain the best classifier parameters. Experimental analysis is performed on the Hadoop platform. The average accuracy of 99% and 90% is obtained for BoT_IoT and ToN_IoT datasets. The accuracy difference in ToN-IoT dataset is due to the huge number of data samples captured at the edge layer and fog layer. However, in BoT-IoT dataset only 5% of the training and test samples from the complete dataset are considered for experimental analysis as released by the dataset developers. The overall accuracy is improved by 19% in comparison with state-of-the-art techniques. The computational times for the huge datasets are reduced by 3–4 hours through Map Reduce in HDFS.

Diabetes is a disease of the modern world. The modern lifestyle has led to unhealthy eating habits causing type 2 diabetes. Machine learning has gained a lot of popularity in the recent days. It has applications in various fields and has proven to be increasingly effective in the medical field. The purpose of this chapter is to predict the diabetes outcome of a person based on other factors or attributes. Various machine learning algorithms like logistic regression (LR), tuned and not tuned random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) have been used as classifiers for diabetes prediction. This chapter also presents a comparative study of these algorithms based on various performance metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score.

The force that drives towards small satellites is mainly cost and fast realization compared to large satellites. The low-cost space system is built by maximizing the use of existing component and off the shelf technologies/standards and thus minimizing the development effort. Small satellites missions are highly demanded for the research, military, agricultural and scientific missions. In small satellite bus standard interfaces like Mil-1553 bus, CAN bus, RS232 bus, LVDS serial link, LVDS-Serializer-Deserializer link are preferred. CCSDS protocol/format are preferred for Data format/data link layer implementation. Standard CCSDS protocol/format will help satellite ground station support across the globe. Onboard systems can be standardized thus enabling a suitable platform for production. Further on-board development by third party is possible because of standardization. This enables to make low cost space systems. This paper address the configuration and design of an CCSDS complied onboard data handling system for small satellites. The paper address issues of minimizing mass, size and power which are the prime objective of a small satellites. The paper also addresses the test philosophy adopted for small satellite missions. A mini satellite bus configuration is also discussed here.