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Ghana, like most sub-Saharan African countries, continues to face gender disparity at the higher levels of the educational hierarchy. This paper seeks to investigate whether gender disparity in senior secondary schools in Ghana is influenced by the economic expectations that parents have for their children’s education. Using data from Ghana Living Standard Survey round 6 (GLSS 6), the study employs Propensity Score Matching in its analysis. Intra-household income inequality was used as a for measure parental expectations of the economic returns of education. The results revealed that, on the average, Ghanaian parents expect their male children to reap more economic benefits from education than girls. This attitude culminates in higher investment in boys’ education to the disadvantage of their female counterparts at senior secondary schools. It is therefore recommended that appropriate policies should be implemented to ensure that the barriers that prevent women from occupying high-earning positions in the labor market are expunged. With this, parents will believe that girls can have the same economic opportunities as boys and hence will invest equal resources in children’s education irrespective of their gender.
Prince Donkor; Ding Ya; Gideon Adu-Boateng. The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6707 .
AMA StylePrince Donkor, Ding Ya, Gideon Adu-Boateng. The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6707.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrince Donkor; Ding Ya; Gideon Adu-Boateng. 2019. "The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6707.
With the aim of probing into the life satisfaction of retired urban elderly in China with respect to old age support systems, this study examines the effect of pension reform with its existing inequalities across demographic and social groups on the life satisfaction of retired urban residents. The complementary role of intergenerational assistance and self-support on the life satisfaction of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the pension scheme was analyzed using an ordered logit regression model with 2015 national representative data from China’s Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. Our sample consists of a cross-sectional data set of 3815 retired urban elderly aged 60 and above. The empirical results depict that though enjoying benefits from the public pension scheme generally enhances life satisfaction, beneficiaries of the Government and Institution Pension and Enterprise Employee Basic Pension are more advantaged than beneficiaries under the Urban-Rural Social Pension Scheme. The pension inequalities existing at provincial levels and across social groups such as gender and residence registration status also affect life satisfaction adversely. Women and rural ‘Hukou’ registered retired urban residents are at an apparent disadvantage. Getting financial and emotional support from children broadly improves life satisfaction. Non-beneficiaries of the public pension benefit more from the financial support of children than public pension beneficiaries. There is also a positive effect of cohabiting with children on life satisfaction when retired urban residents are single as compared to being married. Financial and physical self-support ability in forms of good health, home ownership and wealth management enhance life satisfaction significantly. However, largely, retired urban elderly have a higher life satisfaction when they are financially independent of children and are supported by state pension schemes. Our findings indicate that self-support ability of the elderly together with pension benefits are more effective in enhancing the life satisfaction of retired urban elderly in China. It is recommended that government institute policies to promote personal finance initiatives by the elderly while improving the pension scheme and reducing pension inequality.
Lucille Aba Abruquah; Xiuxia Yin; Ya Ding. Old Age Support in Urban China: The Role of Pension Schemes, Self-Support Ability and Intergenerational Assistance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1918 .
AMA StyleLucille Aba Abruquah, Xiuxia Yin, Ya Ding. Old Age Support in Urban China: The Role of Pension Schemes, Self-Support Ability and Intergenerational Assistance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (11):1918.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucille Aba Abruquah; Xiuxia Yin; Ya Ding. 2019. "Old Age Support in Urban China: The Role of Pension Schemes, Self-Support Ability and Intergenerational Assistance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1918.
The pursuit of achieving Goal 3 of the 2030 United Nations agenda for Sustainable Development, “ensuring healthy lives, achieving universal health coverage and promoting wellbeing for all”, has been a cardinal concern of governments and policy makers. The rural–urban divide in China has resulted in equality of health care distribution. To address this anomaly, the government of China has put in place the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). This intervention aims at ensuring the equitable distribution and affordability of health care in rural areas. Despite this measure, certain drawbacks in its implementation affect overall life satisfaction. Rural–urban migration resulting in age distribution gaps has also been generally identified by a plethora of literature to hamper intergenerational interaction, which is essential to overall life satisfaction especially for the elderly. However, little is known about the extent to which the NCMS, coupled with its drawbacks and intergenerational interaction, affect the overall life satisfaction of the rural elderly in China. Using an ordered response model, this study presents a thorough analysis on the life satisfaction of rural elderly making comparison across age groups and residence status sub-samples using a panel data from the two waves, 2011 and 2013, from China’s Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. The empirical results indicate that though the NCMS is indeed beneficial to promoting health and overall life satisfaction of rural elderly, there are some attendant limitations. We also find that intergenerational interaction in the form of frequent communication and financial assistance from children who fall within the non-cohabiting category promotes life satisfaction of the rural elderly. The degree of importance however varies across the aforementioned groups.
Xiuxia Yin; Lucille Aba Abruquah; Ya Ding. Dynamics of Life Satisfaction Among Rural Elderly in China: The Role of Health Insurance Policies and Intergenerational Relationships. Sustainability 2019, 11, 701 .
AMA StyleXiuxia Yin, Lucille Aba Abruquah, Ya Ding. Dynamics of Life Satisfaction Among Rural Elderly in China: The Role of Health Insurance Policies and Intergenerational Relationships. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiuxia Yin; Lucille Aba Abruquah; Ya Ding. 2019. "Dynamics of Life Satisfaction Among Rural Elderly in China: The Role of Health Insurance Policies and Intergenerational Relationships." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 701.
In recent years, many areas of China have been facing increasing problems of soil erosion and land degradation. Conservation tillage, with both economic and ecological benefits, provides a good avenue for Chinese farmers to conserve land as well as secure food production. However, the adoption rate of conservation tillage systems is very low in China. In this paper, the author constructs a theoretical model to explain a farmer's adoption decision of conservation tillage. The goal is to investigate potential reasons behind the low adoption rate and explores alternative policy tools that can help improve a farmer's incentive to adopt conservation tillage in China.
Ya Ding. The Role of Government Policies in the Adoption of Conservation Tillage in China: A Theoretical Model. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018, 108, 042012 .
AMA StyleYa Ding. The Role of Government Policies in the Adoption of Conservation Tillage in China: A Theoretical Model. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018; 108 (4):042012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYa Ding. 2018. "The Role of Government Policies in the Adoption of Conservation Tillage in China: A Theoretical Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 108, no. 4: 042012.
This paper studies the effects of China's newly established rural pension programme on personal life satisfaction of the rural elderly along with other social, economic and demographic factors. The results indicate that old-age security is a key component of personal life satisfaction for the rural elderly, and the New Rural Pension Programme can significantly improve their subjective well-being. The importance of sons is declining given the wider availability of rural pension programmes. Additionally, the study finds that a poorly designed pension programme could not only result in low participation rate but also negatively affect personal life satisfaction of nonparticipants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ya Ding. Personal Life Satisfaction of China's Rural Elderly: Effect of the New Rural Pension Programme. Journal of International Development 2016, 29, 52 -66.
AMA StyleYa Ding. Personal Life Satisfaction of China's Rural Elderly: Effect of the New Rural Pension Programme. Journal of International Development. 2016; 29 (1):52-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYa Ding. 2016. "Personal Life Satisfaction of China's Rural Elderly: Effect of the New Rural Pension Programme." Journal of International Development 29, no. 1: 52-66.
The paper estimates the impacts of risk-reducing government programs on the use of conservation tillage (no-till and other conservation tillage) practices in agriculture. Conservation tillage can be used to reduce production risk from weather shocks. However, subsidized crop insurance and disaster payments also reduce risk through financial assistance. The paper examines the extent to which risk-reducing tillage practices and government programs are substitutes for each other. The economic model shows that a decline in average weather conditions increases the use of conservation tillage. The economic model also shows that the impact of weather risk and risk aversion on risk-reducing practices like conservation tillage are ambiguous. The effect depends on the degree that losses are offset by government payments. The paper uses county-level tillage practice data from the Conservation Tillage Information Center for the three-state region of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Results are estimated using instrumental variables and spatial panel data techniques. Instruments for the program participation and payment data include political variables and weather data. The empirical analysis shows that recent disaster and indemnity payments are associated with an increase in the use of no-till and a decrease in the use of other conservation till. Results also show that producers in counties with recent drought and flood events are more likely to use other conservation tillage. The results imply that there may be unintended impacts of changes to agricultural policies like disaster payments and crop insurance on the use of on-farm conservation practices.
Karina Schoengold; Ya Ding; Russell Headlee. The Impact of AD HOC Disaster and Crop Insurance Programs on the Use of Risk‐Reducing Conservation Tillage Practices. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 2014, 97, 897 -919.
AMA StyleKarina Schoengold, Ya Ding, Russell Headlee. The Impact of AD HOC Disaster and Crop Insurance Programs on the Use of Risk‐Reducing Conservation Tillage Practices. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2014; 97 (3):897-919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Schoengold; Ya Ding; Russell Headlee. 2014. "The Impact of AD HOC Disaster and Crop Insurance Programs on the Use of Risk‐Reducing Conservation Tillage Practices." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 97, no. 3: 897-919.