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The growing human demand for economic and social development is resulting in a state of ecological overshoot. This paper investigates the heterogeneous effect of income inequality, human capital, and natural resources on the ecological footprint for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries. Having accounted for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, the findings from the Augmented mean group (AMG) estimation reveal that income inequality improves the quality of the environment in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Senegal, but deteriorates the environment in Benin. Moreover, human capital accumulation is important for environmental sustainability by exerting a reducing effect on the level of the ecological footprint for Burkina Faso and The Gambia. We further observe that natural resource abundance is not environmentally friendly for Cameroon and Nigeria. Evidence from the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D-H) panel causality test shows that LGINI, LHC, and LNR stimulate the ecological footprint. Some policy recommendations are offered based on these findings.
Zechariah Langnel; George Babington Amegavi; Prince Donkor; James Kwame Mensah. Income inequality, human capital, natural resource abundance, and ecological footprint in ECOWAS member countries. Resources Policy 2021, 74, 102255 .
AMA StyleZechariah Langnel, George Babington Amegavi, Prince Donkor, James Kwame Mensah. Income inequality, human capital, natural resource abundance, and ecological footprint in ECOWAS member countries. Resources Policy. 2021; 74 ():102255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZechariah Langnel; George Babington Amegavi; Prince Donkor; James Kwame Mensah. 2021. "Income inequality, human capital, natural resource abundance, and ecological footprint in ECOWAS member countries." Resources Policy 74, no. : 102255.
Ghana, like most sub-Saharan African countries, continues to face gender disparity at the higher levels of the educational hierarchy. This paper seeks to investigate whether gender disparity in senior secondary schools in Ghana is influenced by the economic expectations that parents have for their children’s education. Using data from Ghana Living Standard Survey round 6 (GLSS 6), the study employs Propensity Score Matching in its analysis. Intra-household income inequality was used as a for measure parental expectations of the economic returns of education. The results revealed that, on the average, Ghanaian parents expect their male children to reap more economic benefits from education than girls. This attitude culminates in higher investment in boys’ education to the disadvantage of their female counterparts at senior secondary schools. It is therefore recommended that appropriate policies should be implemented to ensure that the barriers that prevent women from occupying high-earning positions in the labor market are expunged. With this, parents will believe that girls can have the same economic opportunities as boys and hence will invest equal resources in children’s education irrespective of their gender.
Prince Donkor; Ding Ya; Gideon Adu-Boateng. The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6707 .
AMA StylePrince Donkor, Ding Ya, Gideon Adu-Boateng. The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6707.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrince Donkor; Ding Ya; Gideon Adu-Boateng. 2019. "The Effect of Parental Economic Expectation on Gender Disparity in Secondary Education in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6707.