One of the most expensive and fatal natural disasters in the world is forest fires. For this reason, early discovery of forest fires helps minimize mortality and harm to ecosystems and forest life. The present research enriches the body of knowledge by evaluating the effectiveness of an efficient wildfire and smoke detection solution implementing ensembles of multiple convolutional neural network architectures tackling two different computer vision tasks in a stage format. The proposed architecture combines the YOLO architecture with two weights with a voting ensemble CNN architecture. The pipeline works in two stages. If the CNN detects the existence of abnormality in the frame, then the YOLO architecture localizes the smoke or fire. The addressed tasks are classification and detection in the presented method. The obtained model’s weights achieve very decent results during training and testing. The classification model achieves a 0.95 F1-score, 0.99 accuracy, and 0.98e sensitivity. The model uses a transfer learning strategy for the classification task. The evaluation of the detector model reveals strong results by achieving a 0.85 mean average precision with 0.5 threshold (mAP@0.5) score for the smoke detection model and 0.76 mAP for the combined model. The smoke detection model also achieves a 0.93 F1-score. Overall, the presented deep learning pipeline shows some important experimental results with potential implementation capabilities despite some issues encountered during training, such as the lack of good-quality real-world unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-captured fire and smoke images.

As tomatoes are the most consumed vegetable in the world, production should be increased to fulfill the vast demand for this vegetable. Global warming, climate changes, and other significant factors, including pests, badly affect tomato plants and cause various diseases that ultimately affect the production of this vegetable. Several strategies and techniques have been adopted for detecting and averting such diseases to ensure the survival of tomato plants. Recently, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly contributed to agronomy in the detection of tomato plant diseases through leaf images. Deep learning (DL)-based techniques have been largely utilized for detecting tomato leaf diseases. This paper proposes a hybrid DL-based approach for detecting tomato plant diseases through leaf images. To accomplish the task, this study presents the fusion of two pretrained models, namely, EfficientNetB3 and MobileNet (referred to as the EffiMob-Net model) to detect tomato leaf diseases accurately. In addition, model overfitting was handled using various techniques, such as regularization, dropout, and batch normalization (BN). Hyperparameter tuning was performed to choose the optimal parameters for building the best-fitting model. The proposed hybrid EffiMob-Net model was tested on a plant village dataset containing tomato leaf disease and healthy images. This hybrid model was evaluated based on the best classifier with respect to accuracy metrics selected for detecting the diseases. The success rate of the proposed hybrid model for accurately detecting tomato leaf diseases reached 99.92%, demonstrating the model’s ability to extract features accurately. This finding shows the reliability of the proposed hybrid model as an automatic detector for tomato plant diseases that can significantly contribute to providing better solutions for detecting other crop diseases in the field of agriculture.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the world leaders in olive production accounting for about 6% of the global olive production. Given the fact that 94% of the olive groves are mainly rain-fed using traditional methods of production, the annual olive production is witnessing a noticeable fluctuation which is worse due to infectious diseases and climate change. Thus, early and effective detection of plant diseases is both required and urgent. Most farmers use traditional methods, for example, visual inspection or laboratory examination, to identify plant diseases. Currently, deep learning (DL) techniques have been shown to be useful methods for diagnosing olive leaf diseases and many other fields. In this work, we use a deep feature concatenation (DFC) mechanism to combine features extracted from input images using the two modern pretrained CNN models, i.e., ResNet50 and MobileNet. Hence, we propose MobiRes-Net: A neural network that is a concatenation of the ResNet50 and MobileNet models for overall improvement of prediction capability. To build the dataset used in the study, 5400 olive leaf images were collected from an olive grove using a remote-controlled agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a camera. The overall performance of the MobiRes-Net model achieved a classification accuracy of 97.08% which showed its superiority over ResNet50 and MobileNet that achieved classification accuracies of 94.86% and 95.63%, respectively.

Electronic learning management systems provide live environments for students and faculty members to connect with their institutional online portals and perform educational activities virtually. Although modern technologies proactively support these online sessions, students’ active participation remains a challenge that has been discussed in previous research. Additionally, one concern for both parents and teachers is how to accurately measure student performance using different attributes collected during online sessions. Therefore, the research idea undertaken in this study is to understand and predict the performance of the students based on features extracted from electronic learning management systems. The dataset chosen in this study belongs to one of the learning management systems providing a number of features predicting student’s performance. The integrated machine learning model proposed in this research can be useful to make proactive and intelligent decisions according to student performance evaluated through the electronic system’s data. The proposed model consists of five traditional machine learning algorithms, which are further enhanced by applying four ensemble techniques: bagging, boosting, stacking, and voting. The overall F1 scores of the single models are as follows: DT (0.675), RF (0.777), GBT (0.714), NB (0.654), and KNN (0.664). The model performance has shown remarkable improvement using ensemble approaches. The stacking model by combining all five classifiers has outperformed and recorded the highest F1 score (0.8195) among other ensemble methods. The integration of the ML models has improved the prediction ratio and performed better than all other ensemble approaches. The proposed model can be useful for predicting student performance and helping educators to make informed decisions by proactively notifying the students.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and is anticipated to cause another 52,580 deaths in 2023. The standard medical procedure for screening and treating colorectal disease is a colonoscopy. By effectively examining the colonoscopy to identify precancerous polyps early and remove them before they become cancerous, CRC mortality can be lowered significantly. Manual colonoscopy examination for precancerous polyps detection is time-consuming, tedious, and prone to human error. Automatic segmentation and examination could be fast and practical; however, existing automated methods fail to attain adequate accuracy in polyps segmentation. Moreover, these methods do not assess the risk of detected polyps. In this paper, we proposed an autonomous CRC screening method to detect polyps and assess their potential threats. The proposed method utilized DoubleU-Net for polyps segmentation and Vision Transformer (ViT) for classifying them based on their risks. The proposed method has achieved a mean dice-coefficient of 0.834 and 0.956 in segmentation for the Endotech challenge and Kvasir-SEG dataset, accordingly, outperforming the existing state-of-the-art polyps segmentation. Then, this method classified the segmented polyps as hyper-plastic or adenomatous with 99% test accuracy.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can cause several forms of chronic damage to the human body, including heart problems, kidney failure, depression, eye damage, and nerve damage. There are several risk factors involved in causing this disease, with some of the most common being obesity, age, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Therefore, early detection of these risk factors is vital in helping patients reverse diabetes from the early stage to live healthy lives. Machine learning (ML) is a useful tool that can easily detect diabetes from several risk factors and, based on the findings, provide a decision-based model that can help in diagnosing the disease. This study aims to detect the risk factors of diabetes using ML methods and to provide a decision support system for medical practitioners that can help them in diagnosing diabetes. Moreover, besides various other preprocessing steps, this study has used the synthetic minority over-sampling technique integrated with the edited nearest neighbor (SMOTE-ENN) method for balancing the BRFSS dataset. The SMOTE-ENN is a more powerful method than the individual SMOTE method. Several ML methods were applied to the processed BRFSS dataset and built prediction models for detecting the risk factors that can help in diagnosing diabetes patients in the early stage. The prediction models were evaluated using various measures that show the high performance of the models. The experimental results show the reliability of the proposed models, demonstrating that k-nearest neighbor (KNN) outperformed other methods with an accuracy of 98.38%, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC/AUC score of 98%. Moreover, compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods, the results confirm the efficacy of the proposed models in terms of accuracy and other evaluation measures. The use of SMOTE-ENN is more beneficial for balancing the dataset to build more accurate prediction models. This was the main reason it was possible to achieve models more accurate than the existing ones.