This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the clinical treatment outcomes of patients with gingival recession. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies up to 15 August 2022. Two reviewers separately selected the papers for eligibility after conducting a thorough search. The study includes randomized controlled clinical trials in which participants were given HA in addition to periodontal treatment surgical procedures. The changes following the treatment protocol were evaluated for complete and mean root coverage as a primary outcome and gingival recession gain as the secondary outcome. Three articles met the eligibility criteria out of 557 titles. In periodontal surgery, HA exhibited better results in complete root coverage and mean root coverage when compared to the control group. Gingival recession reduction, clinical attachment level, and keratinized tissue gain were significantly increased compared to the control groups. However, the comparison presented in the following study might show heterogeneity among the studies and risk of bias in general. Given the scope of this analysis, results suggest that adjunctive treatment with HA gel for root coverage could be clinically beneficial.

White spots (WS) are one of the most undesirable side effects in patients undergoing orthodontic therapy and are usually located around bracket bases and even detected under the molar bands. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the WS lesion during orthodontic therapy and the correlation between WS and oral hygiene habits. Patients requiring orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance were screened for the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 74 subjects were finally enrolled. Each patient received three examinations: at T0, the day of the application of the fixed appliance; at T1, three months later; and at T2, six months after treatment start. After calculating descriptive statistics, differences between groups were evaluated with an independent sample t-test. The first type error was set as p ≤ 0.01. The observed prevalence of WS lesions was 59.5% on T1 and 60.8% on T2. The most affected teeth result to be upper molars, lower left first molar, upper right central incisor and upper left lateral incisor, upper right canine, upper left first premolar, and lower right first molar. A higher frequency of daily tooth brushing was accompanied by a lower prevalence of WS. No significant effect of sex was observed.

Hyperesthesia is related to increased sensitivity of dental tissues to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli. The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of a calcium-fluoride-forming agent (Tiefenfluorid^®, Humanchemie GmbH, Alfeld, Germany) with that of a fluoride varnish (Enamelast^TM, Ultradent Inc., Cologne, Germany) in the treatment of dental hyperesthesia in adult patients. In total, 176 individuals (106 females and 70 males, aged 18–59 years old) diagnosed with dental hyperesthesia (DH) were enrolled. The main clinical symptoms were hyperesthesia from coldness and sweetness during chewing; the types of clinical lesions were also determined and recorded. The patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups: (i) the first group of 96 patients was treated with Tiefenfluorid^® applied in three appointments at 7-day intervals; (ii) the second group of 80 patients was treated with Enamelast^TM, applied seven times at 7-day intervals. All the patients were recalled 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months from the last application. At the baseline and during every follow-up visit, the DH was measured with a pulp tester. A random intercept/random slope model was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment, at various times with respect to the initial diagnosis. Within the limits of the present study, Tiefenfluorid^® was more effective than Enamelast^TM against DH in that it provided long-lasting results, with a significant improvement still detected at the latest 6-month follow-up.

Removable functional appliances (RFA) have long been employed to address Class II malocclusion, particularly in cases involving a significant overjet, a deep bite, and molar class 2 issues. Notably divergent from RFA, myofunctional appliances (PMA) offer several distinct advantages, including applicability in noncompliant patients, adaptability in cases of dental element scarcity, suitability for allergic patients, impression-free utilization, and reduced costs. Within the array of clinical cases treated with PMA, we chose to present an intricate case involving an 8-year-old girl. Our aim was to showcase the immediate effects of PMA and to track the progress over a two-year span. Following one year of PMA treatment, substantial improvements were observed in a large overjet, a deep bite, and lip incompetence—factors often associated with elevated risks of dental trauma. These improvements not only positively impacted dental aesthetics but also engendered normalized nasal respiration and diminished palatal impingement, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life. Upon reaching the two-year mark, the clinical status pertaining to Class II malocclusion remained stable. Further treatment was advised in a subsequent phase to refine imperfections in the dental arch form. Nonetheless, comprehensive data from the prolonged follow-up of patients treated with these appliances are essential to establish robust scientific evidence concerning their long-term efficacy.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory conditions. Periodontitis may amplify low-grade systemic inflammation in people with T2DM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) reflects this inflammatory burden, but the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on hsCRP in T2DM remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate whether NSPT changes hsCRP at 3 and 6 months compared with oral hygiene instructions alone in patients with T2DM and periodontitis. Methods: Predefined secondary analysis of a 1:1 parallel-group randomized trial with assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Participants received scaling and root planing plus oral hygiene instructions (intervention) or oral hygiene instructions only (control). Fasting hsCRP (mg/L) was analyzed on the log scale using mixed-effects models; effects are presented as exponentiated ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity analyses included baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and covariate-adjusted mixed models. An exploratory group-adjusted regression examined associations between periodontal changes and hsCRP change. Results: Eighty-nine participants were randomized (45 control, 44 intervention), with hsCRP available for most participants through 6 months. There was no between-group difference at 3 months (ratio 0.958; 95% CI 0.875–1.049; p = 0.358). At 6 months, hsCRP was lower in the NSPT group than in controls (ratio 0.809; 95% CI 0.738–0.887; p < 0.001), corresponding to ~19% lower hsCRP; the model-based geometric mean hsCRP at 6 months was 2.66 mg/L versus 3.26 mg/L. Periodontal measures improved more with NSPT, but changes in periodontal measures were not independently associated with hsCRP change after group adjustment. Conclusions: In patients with T2DM and periodontitis, NSPT was associated with lower hsCRP at 6 months compared with oral hygiene instructions alone. These biomarker findings suggest a potential systemic anti-inflammatory effect, but should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and confirmed in adequately powered trials.

Background: Sleep apnea is a breathing affliction that affects sleep quality, with significant implications for overall physical and oral health, as well as mental health. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the STOP-Bang and Epworth questionnaires as preoperative screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the adult population from the NE region of Romania. Materials and Methods: A total of 222 participants were selected. The questionnaire method was used, with the subjects completing the STOP-Bang and Epworth questionnaires. A chi-squared test, an ANOVA, and Student’s t-tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: the STOP-Bang questionnaire revealed an increased risk of OSA among those with a high BMI, an age over 50 years, or a large neck circumference. Regarding the Epworth questionnaire, daytime sleepiness was more frequent among obese individuals and those with associated pathologies. Significant correlations were found between OSA and obesity, age, and associated pathologies, with limited observations on the influence of gender on the risk of OSA. Conclusions: The studied questionnaires are effective and easy-to-use tools for the preoperative screening of OSA, demonstrating a significant correlation between the identified risk factors and the disease severity.