Objective: The dramatic increase in the population with dementia expected in the next decades is accompanied by the establishment of novel and innovated methods that will offer accurate and efficient detection of the disease in its early stages. While Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, by the time it is typically diagnosed, substantial neuronal loss and neuropathological lesions can damage many brain regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the main risk factors that affect and increase Alzheimer's disease progression over time even in cases with no significant memory impairment present. Several potential markers are discussed such as oxidative stress, metal ions, vascular disorders, protein dysfunctions and alterations in the mitochondrial populations. Conclusion: A multiparametric model of Alzheimer's biomarkers is presented according to the latest classification of the disease.

Background: The investigation of the cellular components, their interactions and related functions constitute the major conditions in order to understand the cell as an integrated system. More specifically, the Protein-Protein Interactions and the obtained networks are very important in the majority of biological functions and processes, while most of the proteins appear to activate their functionalities through their interaction. Methods: Our in depth review analysis, include Sixty-five peer-reviewed research and review studies from several bibliographic databases. The most significant components were fully described, filtered, combined and analyzed in order to provide documented proofs on the Protein-Protein Interaction Network' applications in biomedicine. Results: The Protein-Protein Interaction Network' alignment and mapping give the opportunity of further knowledge extraction concerning the evolutionary relationships between the species through conserved pathways and protein complexes. Additionally, Protein-Protein Interaction Network information has been demonstrated to be able to predict functionally orthologous proteins within sequence homology clusters. Our review analysis concluded that, while Protein- Protein Interaction was used to be characterized just by their large and plain interacting surfaces, they were considered inapplicable for drug discovery studies for a long time. Conclusion: The present review explores multiple technologies implicated in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks, implicating their potential role in drug discovery mechanisms.

Introduction: Cancer is a significant public health challenge globally, with nearly 2000 lives lost daily in Africa alone. Without adequate measures, mortality rates are likely to increase. The major challenge for cancer care in Africa is equity and prioritization, as cancer is not receiving adequate attention from policy-makers and strategic stakeholders in the healthcare space. This neglect is affecting the three primary tiers of cancer care: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment/management. To promote cancer care equity, addressing issues of equity and prioritization is crucial to ensure that everyone has an equal chance at cancer prevention, early detection, and appropriate care and follow-up treatment. Methodology: Using available literature, we provide an overview of the current state of cancer care in Africa and recommendations to close the gap. Results: We highlight several factors that contribute to cancer care inequity in Africa, including inadequate funding for cancer research, poor cancer education or awareness, inadequate screening or diagnostic facilities, lack of a well-organized and effective cancer registry system and access to care, shortage of specialized medical staff, high costs for screening, vaccination, and treatment, lack of technical capacity, poor vaccination response, and/or late presentation of patients for cancer screening. We also provide recommendations to address some of these obstacles to achieving cancer care equity. Our recommendations are divided into national-level initiatives and capacity-based initiatives, including cancer health promotion and awareness by healthcare professionals during every hospital visit, encouraging screening and vaccine uptake, ensuring operational regional and national cancer registries, improving healthcare budgeting for staff, equipment, and facilities, building expertise through specialty training, funding for cancer research, providing insurance coverage for cancer care, and implementing mobile health technology for telemedicine diagnosis. Conclusion: Addressing challenges to cancer equity holistically would improve the likelihood of longer survival for cancer patients, lower the risk factors for groups that are already at risk, and ensure equitable access to cancer care on the continent. This study identifies the existing stance that African nations have on equity in cancer care, outlines the current constraints, and provides suggestions that could make the biggest difference in attaining equity in cancer care.

• Removal efficiency of 89.31 % (Pb) and 96.33 % (Ni) by sugarcane bagasse. • Optimum pH 6.0; temperature, 30 °C; contact time, 90 min. and adsorbent dose of 0.5 g. • Fitted by Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models. • Adsorption capacity of 1.61 mg/g (Pb) and 123.46 mg/g (Ni). • Desorption efficiency of 85.2 % by nitric acid.

Lavandula species is a flowering plant that is common in Europe and across the Mediterranean. Lavender has many health benefits for humans. In addition to its use in herbal medicine, it is widely used in the fields of cosmetics, perfumes, foods, and aromatherapy. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical ingredients, the pharmacologic effects of the ingredients, and the mechanism of action of the Lavandula species identified. These materials were reviewed in order to have access to important updates about the Lavandula species. Lavender as referred to in English contains essential oils, anthocyanins, phytosterols, sugars, minerals, coumaric acid, glycolic acid, valeric acid, ursolic acid, herniarins, coumarins, and tannins. It has been used to treat colic and chest ailments, worrisome headaches, and biliousness, and in cleaning wounds. It has antifungal, antibacterial, neurologic, antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, and analgesic effects among others. Lavandula species has prospects for various biological applications, especially with its dermatological application. Advances in drug development would enable characterization of various bioactive constituents; thus, its development and application can have a more positive impact on humanity. Here, we highlighted updated information on the history, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical components, pharmacology, and various biological activities of Lavandula species.