The nitro-aromatic explosives of NB, PNP and 2,4-DNP (40 mg L⁻¹) could be completely degraded by MoSe₂ 3D microspheres for 3.5 h, 1.5 h and 2.5 h, under visible light irradiation.

A novel 3D energetic metal–organic framework (MOF) of exceptionally high energy content, [Pb(BTO)(H₂O)]_n, was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Two novel 2D energetic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Pb(BTF)(H₂O)₂]_n (1) and [Ba(BTF)(H₂O)₄]_n (2), that possess the combined advantages of tetrazole and furazan rings were successfully synthesized. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fully characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Their thermal stability and sensitivity were also investigated. The MOFs have good thermal stability (T_dec > 250 °C) and are insensitive to impact (IS > 25 J) and friction (FS > 360 N), and also have good oxygen balance (Ω > −20%). Crystal structure analyses reveal that the two compounds have densities up to 3.382 g cm⁻³ and 2.336 g cm⁻³, respectively, and excellent physicochemical properties. Tetrazole and furazan rings as ligands can commendably increase the densities and oxygen balance of energetic MOFs, thereby enhancing their detonation performance. We anticipate that this work will open a new direction for the development of energetic MOFs. Moreover, (1) exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for ammonium perchlorate (AP). When the supramolecular complex was added in 10 wt% amount, the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP advanced by 95 °C and the reaction rates enhanced by lowering the activation energy.

The focus of energetic materials is on searching for a high-energy, high-density, insensitive material. Previous investigations have shown that 3D energetic metal–organic frameworks (E-MOFs) have great potential and advantages in this field. A nitrogen-rich E-MOF, Pb(bta)·2H₂O [N% = 31.98%, H₂bta = N,N-Bis(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-amine], was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal reaction in this study. Its crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complex has high heat denotation (16.142 kJ·cm⁻³), high density (3.250 g·cm⁻³), and good thermostability (T_dec = 614.9 K, 5 K·min⁻¹). The detonation pressure and velocity obtained through theoretical calculations were 43.47 GPa and 8.963 km·s⁻¹, respectively. The sensitivity test showed that the complex is an impact-insensitive material (IS > 40 J). The thermal decomposition process and kinetic parameters of the complex were also investigated through thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Non-isothermal kinetic parameters were calculated through the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle. Results highlighted the nitrogen-rich MOF as a potential energetic material.