Background and Objectives: Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to a high number of mortalities. Immunotherapy, as a first-line treatment in advanced NSCLC, currently has no clarity regarding its prognostic markers to assess the treatment outcome. This systematic review aimed to evaluate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic markers in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, starting from screening for relevant studies from several databases. Each included cohort study was further assessed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and the available data were extracted for qualitative and quantitative synthesis in pooled and subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 1719 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) outcomes for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for NLR and PLR showed significant results, supporting NLR and PLR as prognostic markers (NLR: HR PFS 2.21 [95% CI: 1.50–3.24; p < 0.0001] and HR OS 2.68 [95% CI: 2.24–3.6; p < 0.0001]; PLR: HR PFS 1.57 [95% CI: 1.33–1.84; p < 0.00001] and HR OS 2.14 [95% CI: 1.72–2.67; p < 0.00001]). Subgroup analysis with a cut-off value of 5 for NLR and 200 for PLR also demonstrated notable outcomes. Higher NLR and PLR levels are associated with poor prognostic. Conclusions: There is considerable evidence regarding both markers as prognostic markers in NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. However, further studies with more homogeneous baseline characteristics are required to confirm these findings.

Background: Depression and anxiety have become the most common mental health disorders worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, and increasing interest in telemedicine has led to the innovation of using internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT). Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iCBT for depression and anxiety among the global population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, Wiley, and Web of Science using the PRISMA framework, and only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the study. A critical appraisal was also performed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias (RoB) 2. The meta-analysis used random-effects models to analyze pooled mean difference (MD) and its p-value. Results: Twelve RCTs were included for qualitative analysis and nine RCTs, which yielded 6778 patients with depression and 6556 patients with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, were included for quantitative analysis. Despite high heterogeneity, all studies had a low risk of bias. Pre- and post-iCBT intervention in the depression forest plot depicts a significant effect (p < 0.00001) with a pooled MD of 4.73 (95% CI: 4.55–4.90), while the pre- and post-iCBT intervention depicts a significant effect (p < 0.00001) with a pooled MD of 4.50 (95% CI: 4.34–4.67). This demonstrates that iCBT was found to significantly decrease depression and anxiety scores in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, substantial heterogeneity was also found (I² = 93%; p < 0.00001 and I² = 90%) for the pre-/post-depression and anxiety forest plots, respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis comprises an evidence-based result for iCBT to treat depression and anxiety in the COVID-19 population, as indicated by the significantly lower assessment scores. Delivering iCBT in this situation needs to be considered more extensively, as it has promising results and yields the benefits of technological advancement in psychotherapy.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disorder in childhood. CP limits movement, which can interfere with children’s daily activities. As a technology that provides intensive mass practice to children, virtual reality (VR) can create an interactive and motivating environment. With the intensity set by the therapist and feedback that can be used to produce individualized therapy, VR has great potential to improve CP patients’ quality of life, especially in a safe, enjoyable, and playful environment. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of VR for children with CP. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search based on the PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, and ProQuest to assess the efficacy of VR in managing children with CP up to 15 September 2022. Risk assessment of bias was performed using Cochrane RoB 2. Results: Nineteen randomized controlled trials with 467 and 427 patients with CP were included in the intervention and control groups in qualitative and quantitative analyses. Participants consisted of cerebral palsy with hemiplegia (n=7), diplegia (n=2), a combination of both (n=4), and undefined (n=13). From all studies conducted, VR showed significant results where VR could improve balance (MD: 2.71[1.95, 3.48]; p < 0.00001), motor function (MD: 3.73 [1.67, 5.79]; p = 0.0004), and activity daily living (MD: 10.05 [2.89, 17.22]. However, VR showed not effective in improving upper limb function. Conclusion: With its advantages and excellent effectiveness, VR may improve functional mobility and the quality of life of children with CP.

Introduction: It is widely acknowledged that the socioeconomic circumstances of a family income are correctly reflected in that family expenditures. The dietary habits of families are influenced by socioeconomic circumstances that may affect stunting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the household economic predictor stunting (mother’s employment, family income, and family expenditure) in children under five. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Six districts and cities have been chosen as study areas based on the areas with the highest incidence of stunting in West Java, Indonesia. This study conducted specifically from October to December 2018. Data were examined using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and a Spearman Rank bivariate test. A logistic regression was employed to determine the elements that serve as predictors of stunting. Results: A total of 731 women with children under five participated in the study. A bivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment had an association with stunting among children under five (p = 0.014). Meanwhile, family income and expenditure are not statistically significant associated with stunting (p > 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment was a stunting predictor with odd ratio (OR) 1.810 (p = 0.017). The OR value means that mothers who do not work have a 1.810 chance for their children to experience stunting compared with mothers who have work. However, family income and expenditure have negative projected values (p = 0.580 and p = 0.398, respectively). Conclusion: Children under five who are stunted are potentially predictive with mothers’ employment, with a chance is higher in mother who do not work. However, family income and expenditure are not predictive of stunting.

This review aims to investigate the potential of telenursing as a nursing care delivery model for lung cancer throughout the COVID-19 pandemic using a scoping review. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) were used in this study. The topic was thoroughly researched in PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct. Based on the initial search, there were eight relevant studies out of 432. Websites, phone calls, and lifestream were among the telenursing models discovered in the care of lung cancer patients. The delivery care provided includes monitoring vital signs, symptoms, chemotherapy toxicity, support care, education, and postoperative rehabilitation. Telenursing is considered appropriate for lung cancer patients because it has been shown to help with symptom management, functional status, quality of life, and diminishing the demand for care support. Therefore, telenursing can be used to deliver care for lung cancer throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.