The effects of humic acid on plant yield, essential oil content, the composition of essential oil and the antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link.) (cv. Tinmaz) cultivated in 2017 and 2018 under Eskisehir ecological conditions were evaluated. Three humic acid (HA) doses in response to 50.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 50), 30.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 30) and 0.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 0, as control) were applied to soil at the vegetative stage and beginning of the blooming stage of the plant throughout each harvest in both years. Essential oil composition was determined using GC-FID/GC-MS. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were determined by the well-diffusion method. Fresh herb yield, dry herb yield and dry leaf yield were highest at HA 50 both years, although essential oil content increased in 2017 at both HA 50 and HA 30, but was greatest at HA 50 in the second year. The essential oil content differences between the control dose and 50.0 L HA ha⁻¹ were 0.46% and 0.42% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil samples against two bacteria species (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two yeast species (Candida albicans and Candida parapisilosis) was generally higher than that of the control drugs, and the activity increased with increasing HA doses. Analysis of the essential oil components showed that the carvacrol and γ-Terpinene ratios generally increased as the HA doses increased to 50.0 L HA ha⁻¹. Soil HA applications could be recommended for higher quality, plant yield and antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum.

The adoption of suitable irrigation levels (IRL), humic acid doses (HAD) and soil mulching (SM) are important tools for improving the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of medicinal and aromatic plants. Ocimum basilicum L. cultivated under four IRL: IRL 100 = 100% FC–IRL 75 = 75% FC–IRL 50 = 50% FC–IRL 25 = 25% FC and four HAD: HA 0 = 0.0 Lha⁻¹–HA 10 = 10.0 Lha⁻¹–HA 20 = 20.0 L ha⁻¹–HA 40 = 40.0 L ha⁻¹ were applied in order to evaluate morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under the ecological conditions of Eskişehir in 2016 and 2017. A second trial was conducted with black plastic soil mulch (SM) and compared with the control plots (CP) in 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with split plots and three replications. The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75). FHY (7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha⁻¹) and DLY (635.3 and 637.5 kg ha⁻¹) increased with increasing HAD (HA 20 and HA 40) compared to the values of FHY and DLY at HA 0 (6852.6 and 587.0 respectively). The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP. In addition, PH, FHY, DLY, and EOY were highest at HA 40 and HA 20. The MEOC (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) – β-bergamotene) under SM were more pronounced at IRL 25 and IRL 50 compared to CP. HA particularly improved FHY, DLY, and the main essential oil compounds that can be considered plant biostimulants, which were defined by several studies and regulations.

Cistus (Cistaceae) comprises a number of white- and purple-flowering shrub species widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin. Within genus Cistus, many taxa are subject to various taxonomic uncertainties. Cistus creticus, a prominent member of the purple-flowered clade, is a prime case of the current taxonomic troubles. Floras and databases approve different species names and utilise different or additional/fewer synonyms. Various intraspecific classification systems based on subspecies or varieties are in use. The inconsistent determination of plant material makes it difficult to compare literature regarding the phytochemical diversity and biological activities of plant material and impedes a systematic utilization of the manifold medicinal properties of C. creticus. In the present investigation, we used DNA sequence data from one nuclear region (ITS) and two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF, rpl32-trnL) to test the intraspecific genetic diversity of C. creticus and its evolutionary relationships to the closely related C. albidus. The combined DNA data confirmed C. creticus as a rather heterogeneous species that integrates two major evolutionary lineages with clearly different genetic characteristics. The ‘Eastern Mediterranean clade’ seems to represent old and ancestral characteristics. This lineage exhibits a close relationship to the geographically distant C. albidus, expressed by very closely related ribotypes and an interspecifically shared chlorotype. The ‘Western Mediterranean clade’ is characterized by a distinctive ITS polymorphism (co-occurring paralogous ribotypes) and more distantly related chlorotypes. The formation of the genetically complex ‘Western Mediterranean clade’ seems to have involved hybridization and recurrent formation or migration movements.

This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of nitrogen (N) doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha⁻¹) under supplemental potassium (K) application (50 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) on black cumin in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that increased N levels resulted in increasing seed yield and N and K contents in seed, while oil content decreased. The seed yield and oil yield were peaked at the doses of 60 kg N ha⁻¹and 50 kg K ha⁻¹. An increase in N doses caused a reduction in oil content regardless of K supply. Saturated fatty acids and oleic acid were slightly increased by K application, while minor changes in linoleic acid were detected. It was concluded that 60 kg N ha⁻¹with supplemental K application should be advised for enhancement in seed yield, oil yield, and N and K contents in seeds of black cumin without significant changes in fatty acid composition.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zinc (Zn) on yield, yield components and Zn, manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) concentrations in seeds of four safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) genotypes. The research was performed, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for all the examined traits except harvest index in both years of study. Zinc application significantly affected the plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight in the first year and the plant height, seed weight per plant, biological yield per plant, 1000-seed weight and harvest index of the genotypes during the second year. The results of the study showed that Zn uptake differed substantially among the safflower genotypes tested. The Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in the seeds were increased by Zn application.

Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} Bu araştırma, aspir bitkisine topraktan ve yapraktan uygulanan çinko (Zn) EDTA (Etilendiamintetraasetik asit) ve Zn sülfat (ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O) kaynaklarının verim ve çinko içeriği üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çinko kaynakları kontrol, topraktan Zn-EDTA, yapraktan Zn-EDTA, toprak+yapraktan Zn-EDTA, topraktan ZnSO 4 , yapraktan ZnSO 4 , toprak+yapraktan ZnSO 4 şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada materyal olarak Remzibey-05 çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Bitkide tabla sayısı ve tane verimi ile birlikte çiçeklenme ve hasat zamanında gövde+yapraklardaki ve tanedeki çinko konsantrasyonu ve içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, farklı çinko kaynakları ve uygulamaları tane verimini kontrole göre artırmıştır. Tane verimi, toprak+yapraktan Zn-EDTA uygulamasıyla, kontrole göre % 21, toprak+yapraktan ZnSO 4 uygulaması ile % 16 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, aspir bitkisine toprak+yapraktan Zn-EDTA uygulamasıyla en yüksek tane verimi ve tane çinko içeriği belirlenmiştir.