The effects of humic acid on plant yield, essential oil content, the composition of essential oil and the antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link.) (cv. Tinmaz) cultivated in 2017 and 2018 under Eskisehir ecological conditions were evaluated. Three humic acid (HA) doses in response to 50.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 50), 30.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 30) and 0.0 L ha⁻¹ (HA 0, as control) were applied to soil at the vegetative stage and beginning of the blooming stage of the plant throughout each harvest in both years. Essential oil composition was determined using GC-FID/GC-MS. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were determined by the well-diffusion method. Fresh herb yield, dry herb yield and dry leaf yield were highest at HA 50 both years, although essential oil content increased in 2017 at both HA 50 and HA 30, but was greatest at HA 50 in the second year. The essential oil content differences between the control dose and 50.0 L HA ha⁻¹ were 0.46% and 0.42% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil samples against two bacteria species (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two yeast species (Candida albicans and Candida parapisilosis) was generally higher than that of the control drugs, and the activity increased with increasing HA doses. Analysis of the essential oil components showed that the carvacrol and γ-Terpinene ratios generally increased as the HA doses increased to 50.0 L HA ha⁻¹. Soil HA applications could be recommended for higher quality, plant yield and antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), Ca(OH)₂ + resveratrol (RV), Ca(OH)₂ + silver nanoparticles(AgNPs), and Ca(OH)₂ + salicylic acid (SA) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using culture methods and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Fifty-four extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared with standardized internal resorption cavities and inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). After 21 days of incubation, baseline bacterial counts were determined. The teeth were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) based on the applied medicament. After 14 days of incubation, bacterial counts were reassessed, and two samples from each group were analyzed using FE-SEM. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test (p < .05). All medicament groups significantly reduced bacterial counts (p < .001), with Ca(OH)₂ + RV, Ca(OH)₂ + AgNPs, and Ca(OH)₂ + SA demonstrating superior antibacterial activity compared to Ca(OH)₂ alone (p < .001). The saline group exhibited the highest bacterial counts (p < .001). Combining Ca(OH)₂ with RV, AgNPs, or SA significantly enhances antibacterial efficacy in internal root resorption cases. These combinations may serve as effective alternatives to Ca(OH)₂ alone in endodontic disinfection. Intracanal medicament application plays a vital role in eliminating microorganisms and enhancing the success of endodontic treatment, particularly in cases of internal root resorption. This study highlights the superior antibacterial efficacy of Ca(OH)₂ combined with RV, AgNPs, or SA against E. faecalis. These findings suggest that incorporating these adjuncts into intracanal medicaments may improve disinfection outcomes, offering potential clinical benefits in managing internal root resorption cases.

Bu çalışmada, 2-metoksi-5-sülfamoyilbenzoik asit (Hsba) ile 2-aminopiridin (ap), 2-benzilaminopiridin (2Bzap), 2-aminometilpiridin (2amp) ve 2-amino-3-hidroksipiridin (2a3OHp)’in proton transfer tuzları (2apsba, 2Bzapsba, 2ampsba ve 2a3OHpsba) sentezlenmiştir. Başlangıç maddeleri ve proton transfer tuzlarının Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (NRRL-B 767) (Gram pozitif), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (Gram negatif) bakterilerine ve Candida Albicans (ATCC 14053) mayasına karşı antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Antifungal aktiviteler Flukonazol ile antibakteriyel aktiviteleri ise Sefepim, Vankomisin ve Levofloksasin ile kıyaslanmıştır. Deneyde kullanılan ve sentezlenen bileşikler bakteri ve mayalara karşı aktiviteye sahiptir. Bileşiklerin en iyi aktivite değerleri B. subtilis bakterisinde 2Bzap ve 2a3OHp (31,25 µg/mL), E. faecalis ve S. aureus bakterilerinde tüm bileşikler (Hsba hariç) (62,50 µg/mL), E. coli bakterisinde 2a3OHpsba (15,60 µg/mL), L. monocytogenes bakterisinde Hsba, 2Bzap, 2amp ve 2a3OHp (31,25 µg/mL), P. aeruginoa bakterisinde Hsba (31,25 µg/mL) ve C. albicans mayasında 2Bzap (31,25 µg/mL)’de gözlenmiştir.