Tactile rendering has been implemented in digital musical instruments (DMIs) to offer the musician haptic feedback that enhances his/her music playing experience. Recently, this implementation has expanded to the development of sensory substitution systems known as haptic music players (HMPs) to give the opportunity of experiencing music through touch to the hearing impaired. These devices may also be conceived as vibrotactile music players to enrich music listening activities. In this review, technology and methods to render musical information by means of vibrotactile stimuli are systematically studied. The methodology used to find out relevant literature is first outlined, and a preliminary classification of musical haptics is proposed. A comparison between different technologies and methods for vibrotactile rendering is performed to later organize the information according to the type of HMP. Limitations and advantages are highlighted to find out opportunities for future research. Likewise, methods for music audio-tactile rendering (ATR) are analyzed and, finally, strategies to compose for the sense of touch are summarized. This review is intended for researchers in the fields of haptics, assistive technologies, music, psychology, and human–computer interaction as well as artists that may make use of it as a reference to develop upcoming research on HMPs and ATR.

This study investigates the minimum stimulus duration required to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations, a critical parameter for optimizing information transmission via haptic interfaces such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, game consoles, and sensory substitution systems. Efficient transmission relies on minimizing stimulus duration, enabling more information to be conveyed in less time. A preliminary experiment established intensity perception thresholds—the minimum vibration intensities detectable—at 40, 80, 150, 250, 300, and 590 Hz, frequencies primarily activating the Pacinian (Rapid Adapting II) psychophysical channel. Subsequently, 35 participants determined the minimum durations needed to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations across this frequency range. Results revealed a consistent minimum duration of approximately 30 ms, contrasting with findings in audition, where shorter durations suffice at higher frequencies, but aligning with prior studies in tactile perception.

INTRODUCCIÓN. El análisis de criticidad mediante una matriz de criterios permite establecer la jerarquía de equipos de una planta, mientras que, el cálculo del indicador de disponibilidad muestra el porcentaje de tiempo durante el cual un equipo se encuentra apto para su uso y operativo. OBJETIVO. Desarrollar una herramienta en Excel utilizando criterios de disponibilidad y criticidad de los equipos para la asignación de modelos de mantenimiento. MÉTODO. Esta investigación es de carácter mixto, cualitativa y cuantitativa, utilizando como herramienta el software “Microsoft Excel”, que se configura mediante funciones matemáticas y lógicas para determinar el modelo de mantenimiento. RESULTADOS. Como resultado y aplicación de esta investigación se obtuvo una disponibilidad del 95.51% en el equipo, considerando cada variable para su cálculo. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Con este proyecto se demuestra que es posible gestionar el mantenimiento utilizando herramientas de bajo costo como Excel. La herramienta desarrollada en esta investigación significa un aporte sustancial en el proceso de mejora continua y gestión integral del mantenimiento.