Indonesia is one of the tropical area which its climate is generally experienced of two distinct seasons, rainy season and dry season. However, the beginning and end of each season is not always occurred at the same month on every year. Characteristics of hydrology variables, especially rainfall events, is strongly influenced by local and global climatic conditions. Thus it is important to identify how far the changes of global climate would effect the characteristic of the hydrology variables in a certain watershed. These informations will be valuable to determine the correct measures for the watershed's development and management in the future. Kapuas River, one of rivers in Borneo, Kalimantan-Indonesia, has streamflow which is empirically changed during the last three decades. The changes of hydrological characteristics are analysed statistically based on rainfall data recorded at Supadio Rainfall and Meteorological Station-Pontianak. The monthly rainfall data were available from 1968-2013, while the daily rainfall data were available during 1981-2013. The 1968-2013 data were then used to analyze the trend of annual rainfall, while the 1981-2013 were used to analyze the changes of hydrological characteristics. The results showed that the numbers of average annual rainfall is 3,206mm, while the average monthly rainfall is 267mm. During the 45-year period (1968-2013) the annual rainfall tends to decrease, but for the past 30 years it tends to increase. The number of rainy days during the past 30 years tends to increase. Whereas the rainfall intensity on short duration tends to decrease. Even though the availability of streamflow in the river during the past 30 years tends to decrease. It was proven based on observed streamflow in the tributary of Kapuas, Sekayam River. It was found that during 35 years (1978-2012) the availability of streamflow tends to decrease. It is, therefore can be concluded that hydrological characteristics of lowlands at Kapuas River has changed

Fulfilling the need for clean water and proper sanitation is, globally, a basic human requirement, and Indonesia is no exception. Clean water and adequate sanitation are the sixth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and targets include to ensure the availability of clean water and sustainable sanitation for all by 2030. The achievement of targets in water supply and sanitation in Indonesia is still lagging behind other fields. There are differences in the ease of obtaining access to clean water sources in urban and rural areas, especially for rural communities living on peatlands who experience issues in being provided with clean water. The difficulty is that, even though the amount of available water is relatively large, its quality is low. Barriers to the equitable distribution of services by the government to the entire community are caused by the limited availability of funding, the geographical conditions of scattered settlements, and the limited capacity of human resources. As a result of this problem, it is necessary to formulate a management strategy for providing access to clean water and sanitation for rural communities on peatlands. This research uses the case-study method. The management strategy was formulated on the basis of the environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the community. This method was used to test the effectiveness of the formulated strategy in realizing water security on peatlands in the village of Wajok Hilir. The resulting management strategy can be applied to other villages that have the same land characteristics. The strategy to realize water security for rural communities on peatlands is a self-service strategy. The implementation of the self-service strategy needs to be supported by infrastructure in the form of peat water treatment plant buildings, wells drilled to aquifer depths, and canal blocking to control the groundwater level in peatlands. The management strategy is carried out with community participation, considering that peatlands are a potential water source to meet clean water needs and achieve sustainable water security targets. Efforts to implement the self-service strategy are carried out with these methods: (1) socialization carried out in an integrated manner, (2) infrastructure development as a pilot project, (3) providing knowledge about infrastructure operations, (4) providing temporary assistance to the community, and (5) providing material supplies so that rural communities that are partners can become pioneers of similar movements.

Creating canal network is the first step to do agricultural practice in wetlands that aims to make the wetland dry. The existence of canal network affects the hydrological function of peat ecosystem in West Kalimantan which leads to drought and peatland fires during dry season. Canal network on peatlands causes the previously stagnant water to flow out easily through the canal. Therefore, a repressive effort is required to maintain water table in peatland. A countermeasure that has been applied to restore peat is by constructing canal blocks on the established canals. The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate changes in water table in peatlands after the construction of a canal block in Wajok Hilir Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Based on the water table evaluation result on peatland with and without blocked canal, it is identified that peatland surrounding blocked canal had smaller water table fluctuation than the peatland surrounding unblocked canal during 1 tidal period. This research concludes that the construction of canal block helps retain water longer in peatland so that water table can be maintained in short term and is expected to restore hydrological function of peatland in the long term.

Kapuas River is located in the province of West Kalimantan. Kapuas river length is 1,086 km and river basin areas about 100,000 Km². The availability of river flow data in the Long River and very wide catchments are difficult to obtain, while river flow data are essential for planning waterworks. To predict the water flow in the catchment area requires a lot of hydrology coefficient, so it is very difficult to predict and obtain results that closer to the real conditions. This paper demonstrates that artificial neural network (ANN) could be used to predict the water flow. The ANN technique can be used to predict the incidence of water discharge that occurs in the Kapuas River based on rainfall and evaporation data. With the data available to do training on the artificial neural network model is obtained mean square error (MSE) 0.00007. The river flow predictions could be carried out after the training. The results showed differences in water discharge measurement and prediction of about 4%.

[ID] Daerah Rawa Pinang Dalam merupakan bagian dari daerah rawa di kawasan Pinang Komplek yang berada di Kabupaten Kubu Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Tinggi muka air tanah Daerah Rawa Pinang Dalam dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Daerah Pinang Dalam diusahakan oleh penduduk sebagai lahan pertanian. Namun hasil produksi pada daerah ini belum optimal yang disebabkan oleh belum baiknya jaringan tata air, dimana sebagian besar daerah tersebut merupakan daerah genangan, sering mengalami banjir pada musim penghujan serta mengalami kekeringan pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan pengaruh hidrotopografi lahan terhadap saluran tersier, sehingga dapat diperoleh dimensi saluran tersier sesuai dengan peruntukan lahan di daerah rawa Pinang Dalam. Data primer pada penelitian ini yaitu data hidrometri dan data pasang surut, sementara data sekunder yang digunakan yaitu data hidrologi dan data topografi serta peta-peta yang diperlukan dalam analisis hidrotopografi. Data tersebut merupakan dasar dalam melakukan kajian dan analisis hidrometri dan topografi yang diperlukan untuk mengetahui hidrotopografi lahan dengan memperhatikan peruntukan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis hidrotopografi lahan di daerah rawa Pinang Dalam terdiri dari jenis hidrotopografi B, C dan D. Berdasarkan jenis hidotopografi dan peruntukan lahan, terdapat kriteria tertentu mengenai kedalaman optimum untuk saluran tersier dalam sebuah jaringan tata air. Saluran tersier yang diperuntukkan sebagai lahan perkebunan sebaiknya diupayakan untuk memiliki kedalaman yang dapat mempertahankan muka air tanah dalam kisaran 60 hingga 90 centimeter, sementara elevasi muka air untuk tanaman padi sawah dipertahankan setinggi mungkin dengan kedalaman perakaran minus (-)10 sampai dengan -30 centimeter. [EN] The Pinang Dalam swamp area is a part of Pinang Komplek swamp area which is located in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Groundwater table in Pinang Dalam swamp area is affected by tides. Pinang Dalam area is cultivated by the population as agricultural land. But the production results in this area are not optimal due to the lack of a good water system, where most of the area is inundated, often experiences floods during the rainy season and experiences drought in the dry season. This research aims to identify the type and effects of land hydrotopography on the tertiary channel, thus the dimension of tertiary channel that is suitable for the allocated land use is obtained. The primary data in this study are hydrometric and tidal data, while secondary data used are hydrological and topographic data and maps needed in hydrotopographic analysis. These data are the basis for conducting studies and analysis of hydrometry and topography needed to the hydrotopography of land while taking the land use into account. The results showed that the hydrotopographic type of land in the Pinang Dalam swamp area consisted of hydrotopographic types B, C and D. Based on the hydotopography type and land use, there are certain criteria regarding the optimum depth for tertiary channels in a water system. Tertiary canals on land allocated as plantation area should be striven to have a depth that can maintain water table in the range of 60 to 90 centimeters, while the water level elevation for lowland rice plants should be maintained as high as possible with a rooting depth of minus (-) 10 to -30 centimeters.