Three TPA derivatives show different ML effects due to the various electronic structures modulated by the introduction of halogen atoms.

Through the introduction of two perylene diimide (PDI) moieties to the triphenylamine (TPA) core, a PDI dimer-based electron transport material has been synthesized with an A (electron acceptor)–D (electron donor)–A structure. It demonstrated a high electron mobility of 8.23 × 10⁻⁴ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ as a thin film and achieved a PCE of 20.07% in perovskite solar cells, higher than that of PC₆₁BM (18.38%) as the standard reference under the same conditions. This is the highest conversion efficiency among various PDI derivatives as ETMs, providing the optimized molecular configuration by combination of twisted core (TPA) and planar peripheral moieties (PDI), as well as matched electronic properties with multiple charge transfer processes.

Fluorescent imaging has been expanded, as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for cancers, in recent years. Fluorescent probes in the near-infrared window can provide high sensitivity, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, without the use of ionizing radiation. Some fluorescent compounds with low molecular weight, such as rhodamine B (RhB) and indocyanine green (ICG), have been used in fluorescent imaging to improve imaging contrast and sensitivity; however, since these probes are excreted from the body quickly, they possess significant restrictions for imaging. To find a potential solution to this, this work investigated the synthesis and properties of novel macromolecular fluorescent compounds. Herein, water-soluble dextran fluorescent compounds (SD-Dextran-RhB) were prepared by the attachment of RhB and sulfadiazine (SD) derivatives to dextran carrier. These fluorescent compounds were then characterized through IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, UV, GPC, and other methods. Assays of their cellular uptake and cell cytotoxicity and fluorescent imaging were also performed. Through this study, it was found that SD-Dextran-RhB is sensitive to acidic conditions and possesses low cell cytotoxicities compared to normal 293 cells and HepG2 and HeLa tumor cells. Moreover, SD-Dextran-RhB demonstrated good fluorescent imaging in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Therefore, SD-Dextran-RhB is suitable to be potentially applied as a probe in the fluorescent imaging of tumors.