The aim of this study was to determine notational anaylisis structure in paddle tennis in relation to gender. Sixteen semi-final or final paddle tennis matches (8 men and 8 women) of the circuit Paddle Pro Tour were selected. All matches were recorded with a wide-angle camera (Panasonic HC-700; Japan) and were analysed with Kinovea 8.15 software according to Anguera’s method. Match analysis (total time, real time, rest time, work-to-rest-time, points, strokes for points, rally time, and rest rally time) and shots (service, return, ground strokes, net strokes, and indirect strokes) were studied. The results showed statistically significant differences in real time, rest time and number of strokes with higher values in female than in male paddle tennis players (p<.05). A statistical difference was shown in percentage of type of strokes (backhand volley, indirect forehand lob, backhand lob) by gender (p<.05). In conclusion, knowledge of activity patterns within competition helps with specific training for the sport. These findings might help coaches to know better this speciality.

Knowledge has become one of the most important intangible assets for the company in the current competitive environment (Nonaka, 1994; Hunt, 1995; Grant, 1996; Hunt & Morgan, 1996; Teece, 1998; Lee & Sukoco, 2007; Li et al., 2009), being of particular importance knowledge creation processes within an organization (Nonaka, 1994; Nonaka & Konno, 1998; Nonaka et al., 2000) to achieve long-term competitive advantage (Nevis et al., 1995; Davenport & Prusack, 1997; Chow et al., 2000; Gold et al., 2001; Lin & Lee, 2004; Hicks et al., 2007). Furthermore, learning is at the heart of corporate governance and it has become the essence of productive activity that has new rules, new boundaries and new ways of behaving (Garcia et al., 2009). Thus, one of the strategic values of an organization lies in becoming a "learning organization". These organizations have an enterprise architecture that converts the firm into a place of learning, so the organization can make appropriate approaches to changing environment (Kogut & Zander, 1996; Garcia et al., 2007). The concept of knowledge management involves managing the learning processes of individual and collective members of an organization. Therefore, it includes organizational learning (related to the creation of new knowledge), and most processes related to the acquisition of knowledge from outside, dissemination, storage and exploitation of knowledge at the firm (Day, 1992; Garcia et al., 2009). So this paper analyzes how the 4 modes of knowledge conversion model proposed in the "knowledge creating organization " (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995): Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) affect organizational learning and the results of the organization. Analyzing a sample of 284 Spanish companies, we propose a model to analyze this relationship. The results show (1) a positive relation between the modes of knowledge creation, (2) knowledge creation influences organizational learning as an essential part of Knowledge Management (Garcia et al., 2007; Garcia et al., 2009), (3) knowledge creation and organizational learning can create a new approach of continuous improvement leading to the increase of organizational performance (Senge, 1990; Peters, 1992).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.22.3.521

Globalization and international trade has strongly affected world’s economy in the recent decades. The importance of emissions loads distribution between countries participating in the supply chains is steadily growing. In the highly fragmented global supply chain structure, with the consumption and production separated geographically and politically, it is difficult to capture the distribution of carbon emission burden within the global production processes. Several recent scientific studies have emphasized that CO2 emissions embodied in international trade processes should be addressed. The CO2 emissions up to now are mostly evaluated on the base of domestic emission accounts. To address this research gap, our study applies multi-regional input-output (MRIO) method for the estimation of the CO2 emissions embodied in the EU clothing imports. The study evaluates carbon emissions of the EU clothing imports and provides suggestions for companies and policy makers. Our results show, that the EU has not reduced CO2 emissions t instead has outsourced them. MRIO and triangulation methods were used to evaluate the EU clothing sector embodied carbon emissions in imports from 2000 to 2016. CO2 emission reduction goal can be achieved by implementing the proposed consumption based emission accounting framework additionally to the country’s emission inventory. Our results may help businesses and policy makers to establish more efficient strategies towards the EU’s carbon emissions.

In this research, we demonstrate the effects of transformational leadership capability on organizational outcomes by examining its intermediate influence on other capabilities, such as shared vision and teamwork cohesion. We also show how these capabilities affect the organizational learning process to improve organizational innovation and performance. Based on the literature, we develop a theoretical model that shows interrelations between these concepts. The hypotheses are tested using data collected from 408 CEOs in Spanish organizations. The paper provides several implications for future research.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase knowledge about the four modes of knowledge conversion (SECI model: Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) and their impact on flexibility of distribution of information and performance.Design/methodology/approach: Based on a survey of 284 Spanish firms, the paper performs an empirical analysis using structural equation modelling.Findings: The results of the research confirm that the four modes of knowledge conversion have positive direct and indirect influences on the flexibility of distribution of information in the organization and therefore improve the company's performance.Practical implications: The structural equation model provides useful information for managers and researchers concerning how knowledge creation enhances flexibility and performance of the organization. Through better processes and tools for updating the organization's concepts or methods, flexibility programs, cross functional and self‐directed teams, autonomy, participation, cooperation and coordination in the firm improve the flow of information and performance and reduce uncertainty in changing environments.Originality/value: The paper illustrates the effects of the four modes of knowledge creation on flexibility of distribution of information and demonstrates that these four modes of knowledge creation affect flexibility of distribution of information positively, thereby improving organizational performance.