This study determines and presents the capital and operating costs imposed by the use of CO₂ capture technologies in the refining and petrochemical sectors. Depending on the refining process and the CO₂ capture method, CO₂ emissions costs of EUR 30 to 40 per ton of CO₂ can be avoided. Advanced low-temperature CO₂ capture technologies for upgrading oxyfuel reformers may not provide any significant long-term and short-term benefits compared to conventional technologies. For this reason, an analysis was performed to estimate the CO₂ reduction potential for the oil and gas industries using short- and long-term ST/MT technologies, was arriving at a reduction potential of about 0.5–1 Gt/yr. The low cost of CO₂ reduction is a result of the good integration of CO₂ capture into the oil production process. The results show that advanced gasoline fraction recovery with integrated CO₂ capture can reduce the cost of producing petroleum products and reduce CO₂ emissions, while partial CO₂ capture has comparative advantages in some cases.

Accidents on gas pipelines cause significant damage to the national economy and the economy of the state. Thus, it is necessary to always be prepared for such situations in order to restore the normal operation of the gas pipeline as soon as possible. An important role is played by the execution time of the control actions to localize the accident, pump out the gas, and change the operating modes. It is essential that such control be undertaken, especially if such a situation occurs near a gas-measuring installation for measuring the amount of vented gas. Therefore, the control actions must be error-free in order to quickly stop the non-stationary process, which can lead to undesirable consequences. The paper presents a mathematical model of the operation of the pipeline, developed for the management of the pipeline in an emergency. The analysis of the problem of the occurrence of accidents was carried out, and the effect of liquid on its walls was modeled when the operating mode of the pipeline changed. An example is presented using a numerical model carried out in ANSYS, as well as being analyzed analytically. The results of the calculations are presented, and special attention is paid to the parameters influencing the change in the operating mode of the pipeline.

Maintaining the gas temperature and the formation of gas hydrates is one of the main problems in the operation of gas pipelines. Development and implementation of new effective methods for heating the gas during gas reduction will reduce the cost of gas transportation, solve the problem of resource and energy saving in the fuel industry. Study is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the natural gas reduction process by using a resonant gas heater to maintain the set temperature at the outlet of the gas distribution station (GDS) and prevent possible hydrate formation and icing of the station equipment. Paper considers the implementation of fireless heating of natural gas and fuel gas savings of heaters due to the introduction of a thermoacoustic reducer, operating on the basis of the Hartmann – Sprenger resonance effect, into the scheme of the reduction unit. By analyzing the existing methods of energy separation and numerical modeling, the effectiveness of the resonant-type energy separation device is substantiated. Modification of the reduction unit by introducing energy separating devices into it will allow general or partial heating of natural gas by its own pressure energy. Developed technology will allow partial (in the future, complete) replacement of heat energy generation at a gas distribution station by burning natural gas.

The results of studying the problem of active sediment formation when mixing residual fuels, caused by manifestation of incompatibility, are presented. A laboratory method has been developed for determining the compatibility and stability of fuels allowing identification of a quantitative characteristic of sediment formation activity. Laboratory studies were performed, and incompatible fuel components were identified. Tests were made to determine the quality indicators of samples and group individual composition of fuels. Results on the content of total and inorganic carbon in the obtained sediments were determined using Shimadzu TOC-V SSM 5000A. Chemical composition was determined and calculated on LECO CHN-628 analyser. Group composition of hydrocarbon fuels contained in the sediment was studied by gas chromato-mass spectrometry on GCMS-QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu. To obtain additional information on the structural group composition of fuel sediment, IR spectrometry was performed on IR-Fourier spectrometer IRAffinity-1. X-ray diffraction analysis of sediment samples was made using X-ray diffractometer XRD-7000 Shimadzu; interplanar distances d(002) and d(100) as well as L-c and L-a crystallite sizes served as the evaluation criteria. Microstructural analysis of total sediment was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the research confirmed that the content of normal alkanes in the fuel mixture mainly affects sediment formation. Recommendations were drawn on preserving the quality of fuels and reducing sediment formation during storage and transportation.

The article presents an approach to assessing the fracture toughness of structural alloys based on thermally activated crack growth and recording acoustic emission signals. The kinetic and structural features of the stable growth of the initiated crack are estimated using a multilevel acoustic emission model based on the time dependence of the logarithm of the cumulative acoustic emission count. The article provides an evaluation of the stable kinetic constants included in the equation of the thermal fluctuation steps of a crack according to literature sources and using the acoustic emission method. It is shown that parameters such as activation energy, activation area before the crack tip, and the rate of non-activation crack growth are stable and show a satisfactory correspondence between the reference literature and real experiments. The approach does not require a set of laboratory experiments to determine the empirical constants of traditional crack growth rate equations, and it also differs in that it takes into account the unique features of the destruction of a particular specimen or technological equipment and allows for a non-destructive assessment of fracture toughness. The values obtained are conservative. The concentration criterion of destruction requires further investigation.

The problem of technological supplying of durability is researched. Herewith, the influence of surface layer quality parameters must be concerned and researched: what methods, treatment regimes, instruments supplies are the required quality parameters. In the optimization problem, the criteria is fatigue durability, parameters of optimization are treatment regimes. An account of technological heredity is also necessary. A selection of optimal turningand subsequent surface plastic deformation regimes (finishing and strengthening stage of the technological treatment route) is researched. The optimal regimes were found as a result of fatigue tests of samples, which were treated with various turning and subsequent surface plastic deformation regimes. The authors calculated values of fatigue durability on the base of the formula, derived by the author. The calculated and experimental values were compared.