The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activities has provided enormous data on populations, geographical areas, and experiments with bio silver nanoparticles’ antibacterial operation. Several peer-reviewed publications have discussed various aspects of this subject field over the last generation. However, there is an absence of a detailed and structured framework that can represent the research domain on this topic. This paper attempts to evaluate current articles mainly on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles or antibacterial activities utilizing the scientific methodology of big data analytics. A comprehensive study was done using multiple databases—Medline, Scopus, and Web of Sciences through PRISMA (i.e., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The keywords used included ‘biosynthesis silver nano particles’ OR ‘silver nanoparticles’ OR ‘biosynthesis’ AND ‘antibacterial behavior’ OR ‘anti-microbial opposition’ AND ‘systematic analysis,’ by using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms, Boolean operator’s parenthesis, or truncations as required. Since their effectiveness is dependent on particle size or initial concentration, it necessitates more research. Understanding the field of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis and antibacterial activity in Gulf areas and most Asian countries also necessitates its use of human-generated data. Furthermore, the need for this work has been highlighted by the lack of predictive modeling in this field and a need to combine specific domain expertise. Studies eligible for such a review were determined by certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study contributes to the existence of theoretical and analytical studies in this domain. After testing as per inclusion criteria, seven in vitro studies were selected out of 28 studies. Findings reveal that silver nanoparticles have different degrees of antimicrobial activity based on numerous factors. Limitations of the study include studies with low to moderate risks of bias and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. The study also reveals the possible use of silver nanoparticles as antibacterial irrigants using various methods, including a qualitative evaluation of knowledge and a comprehensive collection and interpretation of scientific studies.

This study is based on the premise of investigating antibacterial activity through a novel conjugate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in line with a green synthesis approach by developing antimicrobial-coated implants to prevent bacterial resistance. The AMPs were obtained from Bellamya Bengalensis (BB), a freshwater snail, to prepare the nanocomposite conjugate, e.g., AgNPs@BB extract, by making use of UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antimicrobial assessment of AgNPs@BB extract conjugate was performed using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay Method (REMA), followed by the use of three biocompatible implant materials (titanium alloys, Ti 6AL-4V stainless steel 316L, and polyethylene). Finally, the coating was analyzed under confocal microscopy. The results revealed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the surfaces of implants coated with conjugate (AgNPs@BB extract) in comparison to uncoated implants. For the MTT assay, no significant changes were recorded for the cells grown on the AgNPs/AMP++ sample in high concentrations. Staphylococcus epidermidis, however, showed more prominent growth on all implants in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus. It is evident from the results that Staphylococcus epidermidis is more susceptible to AgNPs@BB extract, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of AgNPs@BB extract conjugates and biosynthesized AgNPs was also on the higher side. This study indicates that AgNPs@BB extract carries antibacterial activity, and concludes that an excessive concentration of AgNPs@BB extract may affect the improved biocompatibility. This study recommends using robust, retentive, and antimicrobial coatings of AgNPs@BB extract for implantable biocompatible materials in accordance with the novel strategy of biomaterial applications.

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication in arthroplasty surgery. Although the prevalence is less than 2%, its functional and financial implications are significant. Part of its treatment involves the usage of prolonged and high-dose systemic antibiotics. Ironically, this predisposes the patient to unwanted adverse effects caused by the drugs. We report a case of cefazolin-induced neutropenia that led to Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) bacteraemia in a patient with Staphylococcus aureus PJI. There have been no previous reports on cefazolin-induced neutropenic bacteraemia complicating the treatment of PJI. This case report aims to create awareness among the attending physicians on the possibility of cefazolin-induced neutropenia, which led to bacteraemia from an opportunistic microorganism. The reversal was as simple as cessation of the antibiotic itself. However, if not recognized, it could be fatal.

Interposition arthroplasty is a joint-preserving surgical technique that involves the placement of biological or synthetic tissue between articulating surfaces to restore function and alleviate pain. Although rarely used in modern practice, it remains a valuable option in selected cases, particularly in young, active patients with complex post-traumatic joint pathology. We report the case of a man in his 40s who presented with persistent anterior knee pain and functional impairment due to isolated post-traumatic patellofemoral arthritis and a significant trochlear bone defect following distal femur fracture fixation. Imaging revealed extensive trochlear cartilage loss, bony irregularities, and a contained central defect. We performed an interposition arthroplasty utilising an ipsilateral suprapatellar synovial flap, in conjunction with bone grafting of the osseous defect, trochleaplasty, patelloplasty, and lateral patellar facetectomy. Postoperatively, the patient experienced substantial pain relief and functional recovery, maintained at two-year follow-up. This case demonstrates that interposition arthroplasty, though seldom employed today, can offer excellent outcomes in carefully selected patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis.