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Since 2010, a severe drought has affected central Chile, resulting in losses that prompt the need to evaluate and improve adaptation responses. The evaluation process requires the engagement of multiple actors in order to collect knowledge of their experiences and to inform future design and implementation of adaptation responses. A case study was conducted in four counties of the Aconcagua Valley, Chile, to evaluate the usefulness of existing drought response measures, and to identify strengths and weaknesses, and relevant actors’ recommendations for overcoming them. We applied the Index for the Usefulness of Adaptation Practices (IUPA), a multi-criteria tool that systematically identifies the perceived usefulness of measures. The most salient strengths of the evaluated measures were: replicability, pertinence, and efficacy; representing key factors that could facilitate the implementation of drought responses in similar contexts. The most salient weaknesses were: lack of integration with other policy domains and projects, low environmental protection, diminished autonomy in decision-making, and inequity. Proposed recommendations to overcome these weaknesses have real potential for implementation because they emerged from local actors. Results present empirical evidence of the utility of participatory approaches for a context-specific evaluation of measures, contributing to enhance adaptation to climate variability and change.
Paulina Aldunce; Gloria Lillo-Ortega; Dámare Araya-Valenzuela; Pamela Maldonado-Portilla; Laura Gallardo. Evaluating adaptation to drought in a changing climate: experience at the local scale in the Aconcagua Valley. Climate and Development 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, Gloria Lillo-Ortega, Dámare Araya-Valenzuela, Pamela Maldonado-Portilla, Laura Gallardo. Evaluating adaptation to drought in a changing climate: experience at the local scale in the Aconcagua Valley. Climate and Development. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; Gloria Lillo-Ortega; Dámare Araya-Valenzuela; Pamela Maldonado-Portilla; Laura Gallardo. 2021. "Evaluating adaptation to drought in a changing climate: experience at the local scale in the Aconcagua Valley." Climate and Development , no. : 1-12.
This article analyzes the impact of socio-natural disasters on social capital at a local level, studying the cases of the communities of Chañaral and Diego de Almagro after the flooding and mudflow disasters of 2015. Specifically, we explore different dynamics of social capital in the response to the emergency, recovery and reconstruction stages, exploring its role in strengthening adaptation and resilience capacities for disaster risk reduction. Through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with survivors of the disaster, we explore the nature and role of social trust and its influence on the formation and consolidation of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in the context of disaster is analyzed. The results unpack the role of social capital in the response, recovery and reconstruction processes after a disaster event, which directly influences the development and consolidation of capacities for community adaptation, highlighting the role of trust for the strengthening of resilience. Likewise, the article provides details about the role of institutions and authorities in the consolidation of bridging and linking social capital, which requires the generation of formal and fluid communication channels that allow for the creation of trust, not only among the members of the community, but between the community and the institutions and authorities.
Carmen-Paz Castro-Correa; Paulina Aldunce Ide; Katherine Wyndham Vasquez; Dania Mena Maldonado; Sonia Pérez Tello. Transformation of social capital during and after a disaster event: the cases Chañaral and Diego de Almagro, Atacama Region, Chile. Natural Hazards 2020, 103, 2427 -2440.
AMA StyleCarmen-Paz Castro-Correa, Paulina Aldunce Ide, Katherine Wyndham Vasquez, Dania Mena Maldonado, Sonia Pérez Tello. Transformation of social capital during and after a disaster event: the cases Chañaral and Diego de Almagro, Atacama Region, Chile. Natural Hazards. 2020; 103 (2):2427-2440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen-Paz Castro-Correa; Paulina Aldunce Ide; Katherine Wyndham Vasquez; Dania Mena Maldonado; Sonia Pérez Tello. 2020. "Transformation of social capital during and after a disaster event: the cases Chañaral and Diego de Almagro, Atacama Region, Chile." Natural Hazards 103, no. 2: 2427-2440.
Climate change is increasing the occurrence of natural disasters worldwide, and more frequent and intense fires represent one of the most destructive expressions of this trend. Chile is highly vulnerable to climate change, and fires are a recurrent phenomenon affecting many people each year. To reduce fire risk, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests reducing both exposure and vulnerability through multiple initiatives, which demand increased community engagement. In such a context, this study explores local perceptions of fire in a sample of inhabitants in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) in Valparaiso, a city that is affected by numerous fires each year. The ultimate goal was to identify psychological and community factors that should be taken into consideration to develop prevention plans and safer environments for people living in a context of poverty and social inequity. Using a qualitative approach, 28 interviews were conducted and analyzed following grounded theory principles. Results identified multiple causes, impacts, and characteristics of the problem perceived by people who permanently cohabit with fire risk, showing that for many of them, fire risk is not about the probability of occurrence of a disaster, but a question about when and how the next fire will happen. However, in such a complex scenario, psychological, community, and structural barriers deter people from implementing more effective actions. Conversely, in emergency situations, such barriers are irrelevant and cooperative actions prevail, suggesting the existence of resources and capacities within the community that could lessen exposure and vulnerability if activated on a day-to-day basis. Overall, reducing fire risk cannot be achieved by local communities alone nor without their support. To build, maintain, and consolidate fire prevention actions, it is critical to activate community strengths and cooperation and engage the resources and management capacity of local governments.
Rodolfo Sapiains; Ana María Ugarte; Paulina Aldunce; Germant Marchant; Javier Alberto Romero; Mauro E. González; Valentina Inostroza-Lazo. Local Perceptions of Fires Risk and Policy Implications in the Hills of Valparaíso, Chile. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4298 .
AMA StyleRodolfo Sapiains, Ana María Ugarte, Paulina Aldunce, Germant Marchant, Javier Alberto Romero, Mauro E. González, Valentina Inostroza-Lazo. Local Perceptions of Fires Risk and Policy Implications in the Hills of Valparaíso, Chile. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodolfo Sapiains; Ana María Ugarte; Paulina Aldunce; Germant Marchant; Javier Alberto Romero; Mauro E. González; Valentina Inostroza-Lazo. 2020. "Local Perceptions of Fires Risk and Policy Implications in the Hills of Valparaíso, Chile." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4298.
Multilateral efforts are essential to an effective response to climate change, but individual nations define climate action policy by translating local and global objectives into adaptation and mitigation actions. We propose a conceptual framework to explore opportunities for polycentric climate governance, understanding polycentricity as a property that encompasses the potential for coordinating multiple centers of semiautonomous decision-making. We assert that polycentrism engages a diverse array of public and private actors for a more effective approach to reducing the threat of climate change. In this way, polycentrism may provide an appropriate strategy for addressing the many challenges of climate governance in the Anthropocene. We review two Chilean case studies: Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution on Climate Change and the Chilean National Climate Change Action Plan. Our examination demonstrates that Chile has included a diversity of actors and directed significant financial resources to both processes. The central government coordinated both of these processes, showing the key role of interventions at higher jurisdictional levels in orienting institutional change to improve strategic planning and better address climate change. Both processes also provide some evidence of knowledge co-production, while at the same time remaining primarily driven by state agencies and directed by technical experts. Efforts to overcome governance weaknesses should focus on further strengthening existing practices for climate change responses, establishing new institutions, and promoting decision-making that incorporates diverse social actors and multiple levels of governance. In particular, stronger inclusion of local level actors provides an opportunity to enhance polycentric modes of governance and improve climate change responses. Fully capitalizing on this opportunity requires establishing durable communication channels between different levels of governance.
Rodrigo Antonio Arriagada; Paulina Aldunce; Gustavo Blanco; Cecilia Ibarra; Pilar Moraga; Laura Nahuelhual; Raúl O’Ryan; Anahí Urquiza; Laura Gallardo. Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 2018, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Antonio Arriagada, Paulina Aldunce, Gustavo Blanco, Cecilia Ibarra, Pilar Moraga, Laura Nahuelhual, Raúl O’Ryan, Anahí Urquiza, Laura Gallardo. Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 2018; 6 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Antonio Arriagada; Paulina Aldunce; Gustavo Blanco; Cecilia Ibarra; Pilar Moraga; Laura Nahuelhual; Raúl O’Ryan; Anahí Urquiza; Laura Gallardo. 2018. "Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile." Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 6, no. 1: 1.
Droughts are a recurrent and complex natural hazard whose frequency and magnitude are expected to increase with climate change. Despite the advances in responding and adapting to droughts (with the development of new policies, for example), droughts continue to cause serious impacts and suffering. Developing well-targeted public policies requires further research on adaptation. Specifically, understanding the public perception of drought can help to identify drivers of and barriers to adaptation and options. This research seeks to understand the public perception of drought in central Chile in order to inform adaptation-related policies and decision-making processes. This study focused on the Mega-drought, which was a protracted dry spell afflicting central Chile since 2010.
Paulina Aldunce; Dámare Araya; Rodolfo Sapiain; Issa Ramos; Gloria Lillo; Anahí Urquiza; René Garreaud. Local Perception of Drought Impacts in a Changing Climate: The Mega-Drought in Central Chile. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2053 .
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, Dámare Araya, Rodolfo Sapiain, Issa Ramos, Gloria Lillo, Anahí Urquiza, René Garreaud. Local Perception of Drought Impacts in a Changing Climate: The Mega-Drought in Central Chile. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (11):2053.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; Dámare Araya; Rodolfo Sapiain; Issa Ramos; Gloria Lillo; Anahí Urquiza; René Garreaud. 2017. "Local Perception of Drought Impacts in a Changing Climate: The Mega-Drought in Central Chile." Sustainability 9, no. 11: 2053.
Research on climate change policies can contribute to policy development by building an understanding of the barriers faced in policy processes, and by providing knowledge needed throughout policy cycles. This paper explores the thematic coverage of research on climate change policies related to rural areas, rural development, and natural resource management in Latin America. A three-tier framework is proposed to analyse the selected literature. The results show that research studies have focussed on the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from forests, and adaptations to climate change in agriculture. There is little policy research on other vulnerable sectors (e.g., water and health) and emitting sectors (e.g., energy and industry) in the context of rural development. Our analysis highlights the various research gaps that deserve increased scientific attention, including: cross-sector approaches, multi-level governance, and the stages of policy adoption, implementation and evaluation. In addition, the selected literature has a limited contribution to theoretical discussions in policy sciences.
Bruno Locatelli; Paulina Aldunce; Abigaïl Fallot; Jean-François Le Coq; Eric Sabourin; Jeimar Tapasco. Research on Climate Change Policies and Rural Development in Latin America: Scope and Gaps. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1831 .
AMA StyleBruno Locatelli, Paulina Aldunce, Abigaïl Fallot, Jean-François Le Coq, Eric Sabourin, Jeimar Tapasco. Research on Climate Change Policies and Rural Development in Latin America: Scope and Gaps. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruno Locatelli; Paulina Aldunce; Abigaïl Fallot; Jean-François Le Coq; Eric Sabourin; Jeimar Tapasco. 2017. "Research on Climate Change Policies and Rural Development in Latin America: Scope and Gaps." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1831.
Este artículo presenta un análisis de discurso a cuatro medios de prensa digital en Chile respecto a la mitigación y la adaptación al cambio climático. La investigación, sin precedentes para el caso chileno, se orienta a conocer los encuadres noticiosos con que es comunicado el cambio climático, ya que los medios son la principal fuente de información del cambio climático para los tomadores de decisión y la ciudadanía. Los resultados muestran que los definidores primarios del tema son los actores gubernamentales de nivel nacional, y la invisibilización de las personas y organizaciones ciudadanas en el proceso. Vemos así un alto grado de consenso entre los actores visibilizados respecto al encuadre de oportunidad económica, y la ausencia de encuadres de ecología crítica. Las conclusiones apuntan a que este desbalance podría influir en un diseño de políticas públicas con un sesgo tecnocrático, perdiendo la posibilidad de construir una visión integral del desarrollo del país.
Julio Octavio Hasbún-Mancilla; Paulina Paz Aldunce-Ide; Gustavo Blanco-Wells; Rodrigo Browne-Sartori. Encuadres del cambio climático en Chile: Análisis de discurso en prensa digital. Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleJulio Octavio Hasbún-Mancilla, Paulina Paz Aldunce-Ide, Gustavo Blanco-Wells, Rodrigo Browne-Sartori. Encuadres del cambio climático en Chile: Análisis de discurso en prensa digital. Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales. 2017; (74):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio Octavio Hasbún-Mancilla; Paulina Paz Aldunce-Ide; Gustavo Blanco-Wells; Rodrigo Browne-Sartori. 2017. "Encuadres del cambio climático en Chile: Análisis de discurso en prensa digital." Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales , no. 74: 1.
In theory, building resilience is touted as one way to deal with climate change impacts; however, in practice, there is a need to examine how contexts influence the capacity of building resilience. A participatory process was carried out through workshops in regions affected by drought in Chile in 2014. The aim was to explore how resilience theory can be better applied and articulated into practice vis-á-vis participatory approaches that enrich the research process through the incorporation of co-produced. The results show that there are more differences in responses by type of actor than between regions, where issues of national interest, such as ‘education-information’ and ‘preparedness’, are highlighted over others. However, historically relevant local topics emerged as differentiators: decentralisation, and political will. This reinforces why special attention must be given to the different understandings in knowledge co-production processes. This study provides evidence and lessons on the importance of incorporating processes of the co-production of knowledge as a means to better articulate and transfer abstract concepts, such as resilience theory, into practice.
Roxana Borquez; Paulina Aldunce; Carolina Adler. Resilience to climate change: from theory to practice through co-production of knowledge in Chile. Sustainability Science 2016, 12, 163 -176.
AMA StyleRoxana Borquez, Paulina Aldunce, Carolina Adler. Resilience to climate change: from theory to practice through co-production of knowledge in Chile. Sustainability Science. 2016; 12 (1):163-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoxana Borquez; Paulina Aldunce; Carolina Adler. 2016. "Resilience to climate change: from theory to practice through co-production of knowledge in Chile." Sustainability Science 12, no. 1: 163-176.
Current debate on the implementation of resilience in addressing climatic impacts calls for more pragmatic means of reducing losses. In this study we aimed to generate context-specific knowledge about resilience factors for addressing the impacts of drought, with the expectation that bringing forth experiential knowledge on how impacts were addressed in the past would shed light on what constitutes key resilience factors for practitioners working in urban contexts. The study was carried in three of the largest cities in Chile: Santiago, Concepción, and Valdivia. The analytical framework consists of urban and regional resilience incorporating transdisciplinary approaches applying the Resilience-Wheel tool, combined with participatory methods for the co-production of knowledge and qualitative content analysis of documents and workshops. Results show that key determinants of building resilience to drought were: improving education and access to information, enhancing preparedness, promoting technology transfer, reinforcing organizational linkages and collaboration, decentralizing governance, and encouraging citizen participation. The Resilience-Wheel was useful for navigating the conceptual complexity and diversity of perspectives inherent among social actors. The transdisciplinary approach allowed us to co-produce key knowledge that can be applied to build resilience in future, through a bottom-up approach that bridges the science–policy interface.
Paulina Aldunce; Roxana Bórquez; Carolina Adler; Gustavo Blanco; René Garreaud. Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile. Sustainability 2016, 8, 905 .
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, Roxana Bórquez, Carolina Adler, Gustavo Blanco, René Garreaud. Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (9):905.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; Roxana Bórquez; Carolina Adler; Gustavo Blanco; René Garreaud. 2016. "Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile." Sustainability 8, no. 9: 905.
There is growing recognition that routine climate change framing is insufficient for addressing the challenges presented by this change, and that different framings of climate change shape stakeholders' practices and guide policy options. This research investigated how stakeholders conceptualise climate change in terms of its seriousness and related uncertainty, and a resilience approach as a possible policy option to confront this uncertainty. An application of the conceptual framework provided by Handmer and Dovers' typology of emergencies is novel to the climate change field. Results show that there is a tendency to frame climate change as complex (with uncertainty representing part of that complexity) and to confront this complexity with less complex policies and solutions. No pattern of a conceptual link between uncertainty and resilience was observed. The results presented in this study offer empirical evidence to inform theory and provide helpful insights to inform policy design and practice.
Paulina Aldunce; John Handmer; Ruth Beilin; Mark Howden; Stuart Howden. Is climate change framed as ‘business as usual’ or as a challenging issue? The practitioners’ dilemma. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 2016, 34, 999 -1019.
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, John Handmer, Ruth Beilin, Mark Howden, Stuart Howden. Is climate change framed as ‘business as usual’ or as a challenging issue? The practitioners’ dilemma. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2016; 34 (5):999-1019.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; John Handmer; Ruth Beilin; Mark Howden; Stuart Howden. 2016. "Is climate change framed as ‘business as usual’ or as a challenging issue? The practitioners’ dilemma." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 34, no. 5: 999-1019.
The resilience perspective has emerged as a plausible approach to confront the increasingly devastating impacts of disasters; and the challenges and uncertainty climate change poses through an expected rise in frequency and magnitude of hazards. Stakeholder participation is posited as pivotal for building resilience, and resilience is not passive; rather, stakeholders are actively involved in the process of building resilience. Who is involved and how they are involved are crucial aspects for developing resilience in practice. Nevertheless, there are few empirical studies available to inform theory or show how these issues are addressed. This study focuses on revealing how practitioners frame the issue of participation in relation to resilience, its relevance to a changing climate and how, in consequence, they construct practices. Using Hajer's [(1995). The politics of environmental discourse: Ecological modernization and the policy process. New York] ‘Social-interactive discourse theory’, in this interdisciplinary research, we study the frames and subsequent practices developed around a disaster management policy initiative in Australia: the Natural Disaster Resilience Program in Queensland. What emerges from the research findings as critical and requiring urgent attention is stakeholder and especially local government and community participation, and for this to become socially relevant, challenges such as meaningful communication and power structures need to be addressed. What is also critical is to move from experiential learning to social learning. Additionally, the results presented here offer empirical evidence on how broadening the pool of actors can be implemented, and the opportunities that this opens up for building resilience.
Paulina Aldunce; Ruth Beilin; John Handmer; Stuart Howden. Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate. Environmental Hazards 2016, 15, 58 -73.
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, Ruth Beilin, John Handmer, Stuart Howden. Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate. Environmental Hazards. 2016; 15 (1):58-73.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; Ruth Beilin; John Handmer; Stuart Howden. 2016. "Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate." Environmental Hazards 15, no. 1: 58-73.
Artículo de publicación ISIThere is a growing use of resilience ideas within the disaster risk management literature and policy domain. However, few empirical studies have focused on how resilience ideas are conceptualized by practitioners, as they implement them in practice. Using Hajer’s ‘social-interactive discourse theory’ this research contributes to the understanding of how practitioners frame, construct and make sense of resilience ideas in the context of changes in institutional arrangements for disaster risk management that explicitly include the resilience approach and climate change considerations. The case study involved the roll out of the Natural Disaster Resilience Program in Queensland, Australia, and the study involved three sites in Queensland. The methods used were observation of different activities and the physical sites, revision of documents related to the Natural Disaster Resilience Program and in-depth semi-structured interviews with key informants, all practitioners who had direct interaction with the program. The research findings show that practitioners construct the meaning of disaster resilience differently, and these are embedded in diverse storylines. Within these storylines, practitioners gave different interpretations and emphasis to the seven discourse categories that characterized their resilience discourse. Self-reliance emerged as one of the paramount discourse categories but we argue that caution needs to be used when promoting values of self-reliance. If the policy impetus is a focus on learning, research findings indicate it is also pertinent to move from experiential learning toward social learning. The results presented in this study provide helpful insights to inform policy design and implementation of resilience ideas in disaster risk management and climate change, and to inform theory."Becas Bicentenario" from the Government of Chile University of Chile University of Melbourne Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia Center of Resilience and Climate Research (CR)2, FONDAP 151100
Paulina Aldunce; Ruth Beilin; Stuart Howden; John Handmer. Resilience for disaster risk management in a changing climate: Practitioners’ frames and practices. Global Environmental Change 2015, 30, 1 -11.
AMA StylePaulina Aldunce, Ruth Beilin, Stuart Howden, John Handmer. Resilience for disaster risk management in a changing climate: Practitioners’ frames and practices. Global Environmental Change. 2015; 30 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Aldunce; Ruth Beilin; Stuart Howden; John Handmer. 2015. "Resilience for disaster risk management in a changing climate: Practitioners’ frames and practices." Global Environmental Change 30, no. : 1-11.