With the rapid development of the “Internet + Medical” model, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in the analysis of medical images. Among them, the technology of using deep learning algorithms to identify features of ultrasound and pathological images and realize intelligent diagnosis of diseases has entered the clinical verification stage. This study is based on the application research of artificial intelligence technology in medical diagnosis and reviews the early screening and diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The cure rate of thyroid disease is high in the early stage, but once it deteriorates into thyroid cancer, the risk of death and treatment costs of the patient increase. At present, the early diagnosis of the disease still depends on the examination equipment and the clinical experience of doctors, and there is a certain misdiagnosis rate. Based on the above background, it is particularly important to explore a technology that can achieve objective screening of thyroid lesions in the early stages. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the early diagnosis of thyroid diseases using artificial intelligence technology. It integrates the findings of multiple studies and that traditional machine learning algorithms are widely used as research objects. The convolutional neural network model has a high recognition accuracy for thyroid nodules and thyroid pathological cell lesions. U-Net network model can significantly improve the recognition accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound images when used as a segmentation algorithm. This article focuses on reviewing the intelligent recognition technology of thyroid ultrasound images and pathological sections, hoping to provide researchers with research ideas and help clinicians achieve intelligent early screening of thyroid cancer.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), also known as white matter osteoporosis, have been clinically proven to be associated with cognitive decline, the risk of cerebral infarction, and dementia. The existing computer automatic measurement technology for the segmentation of patients’ WMH does not have a good visualization and quantitative analysis. In this work, the author proposed a new WMH quantitative analysis and 3D reconstruction method for 3D reconstruction of high signal in white matter. At first, the author using ResUnet achieves the high signal segmentation of white matter and adds the attention mechanism into ResUnet to achieve more accurate segmentation. Afterwards, this paper used surface rendering to reconstruct the accurate segmentation results in 3D. Data experiments are conducted on the dataset collected from Shandong Province Third Hospital. After training, the Attention-Unet proposed in this paper is superior to other segmentation models in the segmentation of high signal in white matter and Dice coefficient and MPA reached 92.52% and 92.43%, respectively, thus achieving accurate 3D reconstruction and providing a new idea for quantitative analysis and 3D reconstruction of WMH.

Few-shot human action recognition, a prominent area in computer vision, has garnered increasing attention and broader use in real-life scenarios. Extracting spatio-temporal skeletal information from human movement videos offers interpretable and data-efficient features. However, existing spatio-temporal feature encoders face challenges such as handling sequence boundaries and coping with noise. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a temporal complement method to optimize the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm based on the feature representation of the human skeleton sequence. DTW helps to find optimal alignment between sequences by warping them in the time domain. This is quite useful specially in scenarios where training data is limited. However, DTW has the drawback that the optimal alignment path is highly sensitive to errors in the time series distance matrix. Therefore, we apply a Virtual Adversarial Training method to improve the anti-noise capability of the algorithm. Here, We introduce adversarial perturbations in the training phase to the time series distance matrix, thus incentivizing the model to be resilient to such noise. Our method achieves highest accuracy among protonet, DTW and DASTM methods for the 5-way-1-shot setting for the NTU-S (77.7%), and Kinetics (41.2%) datasets. For the 5-way-5-shot setting, our method achieves highest accuracy of 51.8% for Kinetics dataset when compared with the other approaches.

To quantitatively measure the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in different parts of the brain in patients with different types of cognitive function and analyze the relationship between WMH volume and cognitive function to obtain a threshold WMH volume for the early detection and clinical assessment of cognitive dysfunction. The clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients with WMHs indicated by cranial MR in the Department of General Medicine of Shandong Provincial Third Hospital were collected. The FLAIR sequence images of the patients were subsequently analyzed with computer automated detection technology. Through deep learning-based 3D reconstruction, the specific volumes of the patients’ WMHs were obtained. Patients were divided into three groups according to the Fazekas scale score: Fazekas score 1, Fazekas score 2, and Fazekas score 3. The WMH volumes within each group were subsequently compared, and the correlations between the WMH volumes of the patients in each group and their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) scores, Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) scores, age, duration of hypertension, duration of diabetes, basic information, etc., were analyzed. The patients were subsequently divided into a normal group (MoCA > 25) and a mild cognitive impairment group (18 < MoCA ≤ 25) on the basis of their MoCA scores. The WMH volumes in each group were then calculated separately. The cutoff values of the WMH volume for differentiating between the normal group and mild cognitive impairment group were obtained through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The MoCA scores significantly differed among the three Fazekas score groups (r = − 0.5716, P < 0.0001). There were also statistically significant differences in the total volume of WMHs among the three groups (r = 0.7527, P < 0.0001). WMH volume was positively correlated with the TMT-A and TMT-B scores (r = 0.2345, P< 0.05; r = 0.2404, P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with the MoCA score (r = − 0.4789, P < 0.0001). Moreover, WMH volume was positively associated with the duration of hypertension (F = 4.743, P < 0.05) but not with the duration of diabetes (F = 1.431, P = 0.2456). The cutoff value of WMH volume between the normal group and mild cognitive impairment group was 15.474900; at this value, the sensitivity of the WMH volume in discriminating the two groups was 0.808, and the specificity was 0.556. Automated detection technology can successfully be used to obtain the volume of WMHs in different parts of patients’ brains. Since WMH volume is correlated with cognitive function scores, we can use MRI to identify and assess individuals who show potential early signs of cognitive dysfunction and administer early interventions. These findings provide potential preventive and therapeutic targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cognitive dysfunction.

Yaoyao Xing, Haoran Hu, Qingping Ma, Jianjun Yang, Xin Wang. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci -0001;0:. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1321