Purpose: evaluation of the efficiency of the “hot spot” method for the fragmentation of urinary stones. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical records of 1666 patients with urolithiasis who underwent percutaneous nephrolithoextraction/tripsy and contact ureterolithotripsy/extraction in the period from 2014 to 2017 at the urology clinic was performed to assess the incidence of postoperative infectious and inflammatory complications. The research objects were postoperative urinary stones (n-78). The X-ray density and linear dimensions of the stones were determined. Stone fragmentation was performed with a continuous-wave diode laser operating at wavelengths of 0.81 μm, 0.97 μm, and 1.47 μm. An absorbing coating of micro-size graphite powder was applied on the working tip of the optical fiber. In vitro fragmentation was carried out in liquid. Results: A group of patients (224/1666) (13.4 ± 0.86%) was identified, who developed infectious and inflammatory complications after: percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, 123/361 (34.1 ± 2.5%) cases; percutaneous nephrolithoextraction, 59/240 (24.6 ± 2.78%); contact ureterolithotripsy, 23/294 (7.8 ± 1.57%); and ureterolithoextraction, 19/771 (2.5 ± 0.56%). In liquid, the “hot spot” technique made it possible to fragment stones with an X-ray density of up to 1000 HU at a laser wavelength of 0.81 µm, up to 1400 HU at 0.97 µm, and up to 1400 HU at 1.47 µm.

Introduction: EGFR-activating overexpression or somatic mutations are common in different human cancers. In this regard, the search for promising ways to control the carcinogenic transformation of tumor cells and the progression of malignant tumors expressing EGFR seems to be one of the most promising and developing areas of modern molecular pathology and pharmacology. Material and Methods: An antitumor activity of a novel compound, a pyridine carboxylic acid derivative LHT-17-19, was studied. The molecule was developed and synthesized at the Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Technology of All-Russian Research Center for Biological Active Compounds Safety (Russia). The study was carried out in cell cultures of stomach cancer (Hs746T, AGS and MKN1) and patient-derived organoid (PDO) model of breast cancer (BC) expressing wild-type EGFR. Results: It was shown that LHT-17-19 induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of EGFR-expressing gastric cancer cells of all the aforementioned cultures. Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and molecular validation of BC organoids derived from ductal breast carcinoma cells of a 68-year-old patient was done. PDOs were established as ER-negative, PR-negative, Her2/neu-negative, EGFR-positive with 35% of the Ki-67 expression index. In addition, the tumor cells translocation was resulted in a loss of ER expression and PDOs molecular pattern conversion towards a more aggressive triple negative type. PDOs incubation with 0.5-60.0 µM LHT-17-19 was accompanied not only by inhibition of their growth and proliferation, but also by significant cytoreduction. Conclusion: Thus, in two-dimensional and three-dimensional tumor cell cultures, the possibility of controlling the oncogenic expression of EGFR with the acridone compound 9-ammonium-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroacridine-1(2H)-OH L-2-hydroxybutanedivacate (LHT-17-19) was shown.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the vagina, accounting for 80 % to 90 % of cases, while adenocarcinoma occurs in up to 10 % of cases. However, there are literature records of isolated cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of this localization. Similar to the more studied adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, the development of this vaginal tumor is associated with oncogenic strains of the human papillomavirus. Epithelial inclusion cyst of the vagina is an extremely rare source of tumor growth. In 2012, the world's first case of squamous cell carcinoma in a squamous inclusion cyst of the vagina was reported. Conclusion. Analysis of the available domestic and foreign literature allows us to state that the case we presented is probably the first published case of adenosquamous carcinoma in the inclusion epithelial cyst of the vagina. Плоскоклеточный рак является наиболее часто встречающимся злокачественным новообразованием влагалища, составляя от 80 % до 90 % случаев; аденокарцинома встречается до 10 % случаев. В то же время в литературе описаны единичные случаи аденоплоскоклеточного рака данной локализации. Аналогично более изученному аденоплоскоклеточному раку шейки матки, развитие данной опухоли влагалища связывают с онкогенными штаммами вируса папилломы человека. Эпителиальная инклюзионная киста влагалища является крайне редким источником опухолевого роста. В 2012 г. сообщалось о первом в мире зарегистрированном случае обнаружения плоскоклеточного рака в плоскоклеточной инклюзионной кисте влагалища. Заключение. Анализ доступной отечественной и зарубежной литературы позволяет нам констатировать, что представленный нами случай, вероятно, является первым опубликованным случаем аденоплоскоклеточного рака в инклюзионной эпителиальной кисте влагалища.

Introduction. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including squamous cell carcinoma, accounts for 80% of all lung cancers. Anti-angiogenic drugs are currently available for NSCLC treatment. However, there are no predictive biomarkers for selecting patients who could benefit from this therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the density of the tumor vascular microenvironment and the tumor size, as well as between the density of tumor lymphatic vessels and the presence or absence of metastases in the ipsilateral peribronchial lymph nodes. Materials and methods. Patients with a morphologically verified diagnosis of squamous cell lung carcinoma were divided into 2 groups depending on the stage of cancer: group 1 (stage I, n=15) and group 2 (stage II, n=15). We performed a morphometric study of histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin and antibodies to CD34 and Podoplanin (specific and sensitive markers to blood and lymphatic vessels, re-spectively) with immunohistochemical methods. Vascular density was assessed according to the Chalkley method. We quantitatively evaluated the density of blood vessels in absolute numbers on a 0.73-mm² area with a magnification of ×200 (three fields of view were evaluated with subsequent calculation of the mean blood vessels density). Results. The median of vascular density of the microvasculature was 9.67 (8.67; 10.33) and 10.33 (9.67; 11.67) in the intratumoral zone in group 1 and group 2, respectively. In the peritumoral zone, it was 12 (11.33; 12.67) for group 1 and 16.33 (15.67; 19.67) for group 2. The median density of lymphatic vessels in group 1 and group 2 in the intratumoral zone amounted to 1.5 (1; 2) and 2 (1.67; 3.75), respectively; whereas in the peritumoral zone, this parameter was 2 (1.92; 2.75) and 3.33 (2.67; 4) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. We found a correlation between tumor size and vascular density of the microvasculature in the peritumoral zone (p<0.05) and between the density of lymphatic vessels in the peritumoral zone and the presence of metastases in the peribronchial lymph nodes (p<0.05). Conclusion. Features of the vascular microenvironment of the tumor contribute to the progression of squa-mous cell carcinoma of the lung. Keywords: squamous cell lung cancer, tumor vascular microenvironment, tumor vascular density

Metanephric adenoma is a rare benign kidney tumor with a favorable prognosis. These neoplasms are often interpreted as malignant at the preoperative stage, since they do not have specific characteristics showing during instrumental imaging methods, which leads to excessive surgical treatment in the context of nephrectomy volume. Therefore, histological verification is the gold standard for diagnosis. The morphological features of metanephric adenoma are in many ways similar to such kidney tumors as papillary renal cell carcinoma and nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor), so sometimes additional research methods are required, including immunohistochemical and molecular genetic ones. In this article, we report a rare clinical case of metanephric adenoma in a forty-seven-year-old woman. The results of clinical and instrumental exams, as well as morphological features of the tumor are presented. A review of the literature on the clinical, morphological, and molecular aspects of this tumor is also presented.

Эндоскопическая хирургия мочекаменной болезни практически вытеснила ранее применяемые открытые оперативные вмешательства [1]. Однако десятилетие ее применения выявили недостатки, одним из которых явля