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Flooding is a significant threat to life and property in Hawaiʻi. As climate warming continues to alter precipitation patterns and hydrological processes in the tropics, characterizing the shifting patterns in magnitude, seasonality, and location of floods would improve our understanding of the consequences and better prepare us for future flood events. In this study, 84 rain gauges and 111 crest gauges across five major Hawaiian Islands were analyzed from 1970 to 2005. We estimated trends in the annual maximum daily rainfall (RFmax) and the annual peak flow (PFmax) using the Mann-Kendall test and Senʻs slope. Subsequently, we examined the association between PFmax and rainfall. Then, we assessed temporal shifting by combining circular analysis with Senʻs slope. The main identified trends were a decrease in RFmax and PFmax (67% and 61% of all gauges, respectively). The physiography of the Hawaii islands (i.e., windward vs. leeward) has little contribution to both trends. In addition, RFmax trend cannot be fully attributed to PFmax trend, and in many cases, RFmax and PFmax did not occur coincidently. The timing of RFmax and PFmax occurred earlier in the wet season during the El Niño years. Therefore, RFmax and PFmax’s timing have shifted earlier from 1970 to 2005 likely due to the change of El Niño. These findings have implications for assessing flood risk. Our finding will aid watershed management and flood mitigation, and can increase resilience of downstream communities and near-shore environments.
Yu-Fen Huang; Yinphan Tsang; Ayron M. Strauch; Hannah M. Clilverd. Shifting magnitude and timing of streamflow extremes and the relationship with rainfall across the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 600, 126424 .
AMA StyleYu-Fen Huang, Yinphan Tsang, Ayron M. Strauch, Hannah M. Clilverd. Shifting magnitude and timing of streamflow extremes and the relationship with rainfall across the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 600 ():126424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Fen Huang; Yinphan Tsang; Ayron M. Strauch; Hannah M. Clilverd. 2021. "Shifting magnitude and timing of streamflow extremes and the relationship with rainfall across the Hawaiian Islands." Journal of Hydrology 600, no. : 126424.
Changes in climate are known to alter air temperature and precipitation and their associated thermal and hydrological regimes of freshwater systems, and such alterations in habitat are anticipated to modify fish composition in fluvial systems. Despite these expected changes, assessing climate change effects on habitat and fish over large regions has proven challenging. The goal of this study is to describe an approach to assess and identify stream reaches within a large region that are susceptible to climate changes based on responses of multiple fish species to changes in thermal and hydrological habitats occurring with changes in climate. We present a six-step approach to connect climate, habitat, and fish responses, demonstrated through an example to assess effects of climate change on fishes for all stream reaches in a large U.S. ecoregion (955,029 km2). Step 1 identified measures of air temperature and precipitation expected to change substantially in the future. Step 2 identified the climatic measures strongly associated with stream thermal and hydrologic metrics calculated from measured data from a subset of streams. Step 3 linked thermal and hydrologic metrics identified in Step 2 with abundances of fish species from the same stream reaches, and these fishes were combined into groups based on similar associations with specific thermal or hydrologic metrics. Step 4 used the linkages between fish groups and climatic measures and their associated thermal and hydrologic metrics to classify stream reaches. Step 5 assigned all stream reaches into classes based on the established classification under current climate measures and then re-assigned all stream reaches using projected climatic measures for three future time windows. Step 6 assessed changes in classes of stream reaches between current and future climate conditions. Stream reaches projected to change in stream classes were considered “vulnerable” to future climate change, as they would no longer support the same fish composition. The projected vulnerable streams for the years 2040, 2060, and 2090 were mapped and summarized to identify temporal patterns and identify their spatial distribution, along with underlying mechanisms leading to changes. Our results showed that 45.7% of the 320,000 reaches and 49.3% of the overall 650,000 km stream length in the study region were expected to change stream class by the year 2090, with spatially-explicit changes including streams’ responding to changing air temperature or precipitation. This study provides critical guidance for integrating climate projections, landscape factors, stream habitat data, and fish data into a meaningful approach for understanding linkage. Outcomes greatly improve our ability to describe habitat changes at a stream reach scale thoughout large regions, and they can aid in prioritizing management strategies to adapt to climate change at local and regional scales.
Yin-Phan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Lizhu Wang; Damon Krueger; Daniel Wieferich. Conserving stream fishes with changing climate: Assessing fish responses to changes in habitat over a large region. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 755, 142503 .
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, Dana M. Infante, Lizhu Wang, Damon Krueger, Daniel Wieferich. Conserving stream fishes with changing climate: Assessing fish responses to changes in habitat over a large region. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 755 ():142503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Lizhu Wang; Damon Krueger; Daniel Wieferich. 2020. "Conserving stream fishes with changing climate: Assessing fish responses to changes in habitat over a large region." Science of The Total Environment 755, no. : 142503.
Remote sensing analysis is routinely used to map flooding extent either retrospectively or in near-real time. For flood emergency response, remote-sensing-based flood mapping is highly valuable as it can offer continued observational information about the flood extent over large geographical domains. Information about the floodwater depth across the inundated domain is important for damage assessment, rescue, and prioritizing of relief resource allocation, but cannot be readily estimated from remote sensing analysis. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) was developed to augment remote sensing analysis by calculating water depth based solely on an inundation map with an associated digital elevation model (DEM). The tool was shown to be accurate and was used in flood response activations by the Global Flood Partnership. Here we present a new version of the tool, FwDET v2.0, which enables water depth estimation for coastal flooding. FwDET v2.0 features a new flood boundary identification scheme which accounts for the lack of confinement of coastal flood domains at the shoreline. A new algorithm is used to calculate the local floodwater elevation for each cell, which improves the tool's runtime by a factor of 15 and alleviates inaccurate local boundary assignment across permanent water bodies. FwDET v2.0 is evaluated against physically based hydrodynamic simulations in both riverine and coastal case studies. The results show good correspondence, with an average difference of 0.18 and 0.31 m for the coastal (using a 1 m DEM) and riverine (using a 10 m DEM) case studies, respectively. A FwDET v2.0 application of using remote-sensing-derived flood maps is presented for three case studies. These case studies showcase FwDET v2.0 ability to efficiently provide a synoptic assessment of floodwater. Limitations include challenges in obtaining high-resolution DEMs and increases in uncertainty when applied for highly fragmented flood inundation domains.
Sagy Cohen; Austin Raney; Dinuke Munasinghe; J. Derek Loftis; Andrew Molthan; Jordan Bell; Laura Rogers; John Galantowicz; G. Robert Brakenridge; Albert J. Kettner; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for improved remote sensing analysis of coastal flooding. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2019, 19, 2053 -2065.
AMA StyleSagy Cohen, Austin Raney, Dinuke Munasinghe, J. Derek Loftis, Andrew Molthan, Jordan Bell, Laura Rogers, John Galantowicz, G. Robert Brakenridge, Albert J. Kettner, Yu-Fen Huang, Yin-Phan Tsang. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for improved remote sensing analysis of coastal flooding. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2019; 19 (9):2053-2065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSagy Cohen; Austin Raney; Dinuke Munasinghe; J. Derek Loftis; Andrew Molthan; Jordan Bell; Laura Rogers; John Galantowicz; G. Robert Brakenridge; Albert J. Kettner; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang. 2019. "The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for improved remote sensing analysis of coastal flooding." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 9: 2053-2065.
Functional ecosystems depend on biotic and abiotic connections among different environmental realms, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. Accounting for such connections is increasingly recognized as critical for conservation of ecosystems, especially given growing understanding of the way in which anthropogenic landscape disturbances can degrade both freshwater and marine habitats. This need may be paramount in conservation planning for tropical island ecosystems, as habitats across realms are often in close proximity, and because endemic organisms utilize multiple habitats to complete life histories. In this study, we used Marxan analysis to develop conservation planning scenarios across the five largest islands of Hawaii, in one instance accounting for and in another excluding habitat connectivity between inland and coastal habitats. Native vegetation, perennial streams, and areas of biological significance along the coast were used as conservation targets in analysis. Cost, or the amount of effort required for conservation, was estimated using an index that integrated degree and intensity of anthropogenic landscape disturbances. Our results showed that when connectivity is accounted for among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats, areas identified as having high conservation value are substantially different compared to results when connectivity across realms is not considered. We also showed that the trade-off of planning conservation across realms was minimal and that cross-realm planning had the unexpected benefit of selecting areas with less habitat degradation, suggesting less effort for conservation. Our cross-realm planning approach considers biophysical interactions and complexity within and across ecosystems, as well as anthropogenic factors that may influence habitats outside of their physical boundaries, and we recommend implementing similar approaches to achieve integrated conservation efforts.
Yin-Phan Tsang; Ralph W. Tingley; Janet Hsiao; Dana M. Infante. Identifying high value areas for conservation: Accounting for connections among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats in a tropical island system. Journal for Nature Conservation 2019, 50, 125711 .
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, Ralph W. Tingley, Janet Hsiao, Dana M. Infante. Identifying high value areas for conservation: Accounting for connections among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats in a tropical island system. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2019; 50 ():125711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; Ralph W. Tingley; Janet Hsiao; Dana M. Infante. 2019. "Identifying high value areas for conservation: Accounting for connections among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats in a tropical island system." Journal for Nature Conservation 50, no. : 125711.
Aim To assess the effectiveness of protected areas in two catchment scales (local and network) in conserving regionally common fluvial fishes using modelled species distributions. Location Conterminous United States. Methods A total of 150 species were selected that were geographically widespread, abundant, non‐habitat specialists and native within nine large ecoregions. Species distribution models were developed using boosted regression trees, and modelled distributions were assessed for protection status under two alternatives: lands strictly managed for biodiversity (Highly Restricted Use) and those allowing multiple uses (Multiple Use), with protection target levels (i.e., the amount of protected area required for protection) for local and network catchments being developed from ecoregion‐based urban and agricultural land use thresholds from fish responses. Results Overall, less than 2% of fluvial catchments in the conterminous USA are meeting both local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 16% of catchments met protection levels for the Multiple Use alternative, with protection largely concentrated in the western USA. For common native species distributions within ecoregions, only one species had >10% of streams meeting combined local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 50 distributions (~14% of species distribution models) met this level under the Multiple Use alternative. Main conclusions Even for fishes considered widespread and abundant, protection levels are lacking, particularly when considering only lands that are actively managed for biodiversity. Given the increasing intensification of anthropogenic activities and substantial uncertainty associated with climate change, considering the conservation status for all species, including those currently considered common, is warranted.
Arthur R. Cooper; Yinphan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Wesley M. Daniel; Alexa J. McKerrow; Daniel Wieferich. Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA. Diversity and Distributions 2019, 25, 1289 -1303.
AMA StyleArthur R. Cooper, Yinphan Tsang, Dana M. Infante, Wesley M. Daniel, Alexa J. McKerrow, Daniel Wieferich. Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA. Diversity and Distributions. 2019; 25 (8):1289-1303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArthur R. Cooper; Yinphan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Wesley M. Daniel; Alexa J. McKerrow; Daniel Wieferich. 2019. "Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA." Diversity and Distributions 25, no. 8: 1289-1303.
Remote sensing analysis is routinely used to map flooding extent either retrospectively or in near-real-time. For flood emergency response, remote sensing-based flood mapping is highly valuable as it can offer continued observational information about the flood extent over large geographical domains. Information about the floodwater depth across the inundated domain is important for damage assessment, rescue, and to prioritize relief resource allocation, but cannot be readily estimated from remote sensing analysis. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) was developed to augment remote sensing analysis by calculating water depth based solely on an inundation map with an associated Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The tool was shown to be accurate and was used in flood response activations by the Global Flood Partnership. Here we present a new version of the tool, FwDET v2.0, which enables water depth estimation for coastal flooding. FwDET v2.0 features a new flood boundary identification scheme which accounts for the lack of confinement of coastal flood domains at the shoreline. A new algorithm is used to calculate the local floodwater elevation for each cell, which improves the tool's runtime by a factor 15 and alleviates inaccurate local boundary assignment across permanent water bodies. FwDET v2.0 is evaluated against physically-based hydrodynamic simulations in both riverine and coastal case studies. The results show good correspondence, with an average difference of 0.18 m and 0.31 m for the coastal (using a 1-m DEM) and riverine (using a 10-m DEM) case studies respectively. A FwDET v2.0 application of using remote sensing derived flood maps is presented for three case studies. These case studies showcase FwDET v2.0 ability to efficiently provide a synoptic assessment of floodwater. Limitations include challenges in obtaining high-resolution DEMs and increases in uncertainty when applied for highly fragmented flood inundation domains.
Sagy Cohen; Austin Raney; Dinuke Munasinghe; Derek Loftis; Andrew Molthan; Jordan Bell; Laura Rogers; John Galantowicz; G. Robert Brakenridge; Albert J. Kettner; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for Improved Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastal Flooding. 2019, 2019, 1 -15.
AMA StyleSagy Cohen, Austin Raney, Dinuke Munasinghe, Derek Loftis, Andrew Molthan, Jordan Bell, Laura Rogers, John Galantowicz, G. Robert Brakenridge, Albert J. Kettner, Yu-Fen Huang, Yin-Phan Tsang. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for Improved Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastal Flooding. . 2019; 2019 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSagy Cohen; Austin Raney; Dinuke Munasinghe; Derek Loftis; Andrew Molthan; Jordan Bell; Laura Rogers; John Galantowicz; G. Robert Brakenridge; Albert J. Kettner; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang. 2019. "The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for Improved Remote Sensing Analysis of Coastal Flooding." 2019, no. : 1-15.
Climate change has fundamentally altered the water cycle in tropical islands, which is a critical driver of freshwater ecosystems. To examine how changes in streamflow regime have impacted habitat quality for native migratory aquatic species, we present a 50‐year (1967–2016) analysis of hydrologic records in 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands. For each stream, flow was separated into direct run‐off and baseflow and high‐ and low‐flow statistics (i.e., Q10 and Q90) with ecologically important hydrologic indices (e.g., frequency of flooding and low flow duration) derived. Using Mann–Kendall tests with a running trend analysis, we determined the persistence of streamflow trends through time. We analysed native stream fauna from ~400 sites, sampled from 1992 to 2007, to assess species richness among islands and streams. Declines in streamflow metrics indicated a general drying across the islands. In particular, significant declines in low flow conditions (baseflows), were experienced in 57% of streams, compared with a significant decline in storm flow conditions for 22% of streams. The running trend analysis indicated that many of the significant downward trends were not persistent through time but were only significant if recent decades (1987–2016) were included, with an average decline in baseflow and run‐off of 10.90% and 8.28% per decade, respectively. Streams that supported higher native species diversity were associated with moderate discharge and baseflow index, short duration of low flows, and negligible downward trends in flow. A significant decline in dry season flows (May–October) has led to an increase in the number of no‐flow days in drier areas, indicating that more streams may become intermittent, which has important implications for mauka to makai (mountain to ocean) hydrological connectivity and management of Hawai'i's native migratory freshwater fauna.
Hannah M. Clilverd; Yinphan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Abigail J. Lynch; Ayron M. Strauch. Long‐term streamflow trends in Hawai'i and implications for native stream fauna. Hydrological Processes 2018, 33, 699 -719.
AMA StyleHannah M. Clilverd, Yinphan Tsang, Dana M. Infante, Abigail J. Lynch, Ayron M. Strauch. Long‐term streamflow trends in Hawai'i and implications for native stream fauna. Hydrological Processes. 2018; 33 (5):699-719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHannah M. Clilverd; Yinphan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Abigail J. Lynch; Ayron M. Strauch. 2018. "Long‐term streamflow trends in Hawai'i and implications for native stream fauna." Hydrological Processes 33, no. 5: 699-719.
Stream classifications can be used to understand patterns within and across river networks and are most informative when they offer insight into patterns in stream habitat or biology. We developed a classification of Hawaiian stream reaches based on influences of natural landscape features on distributions of stream organisms to understand patterns in ecological potential across five Hawaiian Islands. Our objectives were to (1) identify natural landscape variables strongly associated with species distributions and likely to affect stream habitat; and (2) classify Hawaiian stream reaches based on relationships between landscape variables and distributions of native stream taxa. We used canonical correspondence analysis to identify natural landscape variables associated with distributions of nine native stream taxa. To classify reaches, we then used a conditional inference tree that identified significant influences of natural landscape variables on taxa distributions and showed that elevation, channel slope, hydrologic soil grouping, and rainfall were all important predictors of species distributions. Results were used to develop reach classes that describe differences in stream habitat. Our research adds to current understanding of landscape controls on the biota of tropical island streams and provides a tool for decision makers tasked with developing conservation and adaptation strategies.
Ralph W. Tingley; Dana M. Infante; Richard A. MacKenzie; Arthur Cooper; Yinphan Tsang. Identifying natural catchment landscape influences on tropical stream organisms: classifying stream reaches of the Hawaiian Islands. Hydrobiologia 2018, 826, 67 -83.
AMA StyleRalph W. Tingley, Dana M. Infante, Richard A. MacKenzie, Arthur Cooper, Yinphan Tsang. Identifying natural catchment landscape influences on tropical stream organisms: classifying stream reaches of the Hawaiian Islands. Hydrobiologia. 2018; 826 (1):67-83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalph W. Tingley; Dana M. Infante; Richard A. MacKenzie; Arthur Cooper; Yinphan Tsang. 2018. "Identifying natural catchment landscape influences on tropical stream organisms: classifying stream reaches of the Hawaiian Islands." Hydrobiologia 826, no. 1: 67-83.
The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of five different digital image processing techniques to map flood inundation extent with Landsat 8–Operational Land Imager satellite imagery. The May 2016 flooding event in the Hempstead region of the Brazos River, Texas is used as a case study for this first comprehensive comparison of classification techniques of its kind. Five flood water classification techniques (i.e., supervised classification, unsupervised classification, delta-cue change detection, Normalized Difference Water Index [NDWI], modified NDWI [MNDWI]) were implemented to characterize flooded regions. To identify flood water obscured by cloud cover, a digital elevation model (DEM)–based approach was employed. Classified floods were compared using an Advanced Fitness Index to a “reference flood map” created based on manual digitization, as well as other data sources, using the same satellite image. Supervised classification yielded the highest accuracy of 86.4%, while unsupervised, MNDWI, and NDWI closely followed at 79.6%, 77.3%, and 77.1%, respectively. Delta-cue change detection yielded the lowest accuracy with 70.1%. Thus, supervised classification is recommended for flood water classification and inundation map generation under these settings. The DEM-based approach used to identify cloud-obscured flood water pixels was found reliable and easy to apply. It is therefore recommended for regions with relatively flat topography.
Dinuke Munasinghe; Sagy Cohen; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang; Jiaqi Zhang; Zheng Fang. Intercomparison of Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Flood Inundation Mapping Techniques. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2018, 54, 834 -846.
AMA StyleDinuke Munasinghe, Sagy Cohen, Yu-Fen Huang, Yin-Phan Tsang, Jiaqi Zhang, Zheng Fang. Intercomparison of Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Flood Inundation Mapping Techniques. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2018; 54 (4):834-846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinuke Munasinghe; Sagy Cohen; Yu-Fen Huang; Yin-Phan Tsang; Jiaqi Zhang; Zheng Fang. 2018. "Intercomparison of Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Flood Inundation Mapping Techniques." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 54, no. 4: 834-846.
Accurate and timely flood inundation maps serve as crucial information for hydrologists, first-responders, and decision makers of natural disaster management agencies. In this study, two modeling approaches are applied to estimate the inundation area for a large flooding event that occurred in May 2016 in the Brazos River: (1) Height Above the Nearest Drainage combined with National Hydrograph Dataset Plus (NHDPlus-HAND) and (2) International River Interface Cooperative — Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphological Evolution of Channels (iRIC-FaSTMECH). The inundation extents simulated from these two modeling approaches are then compared against the observed inundation extents derived from a Landsat 8 satellite image. The simulated results from NHDPlus-HAND and iRIC-FaSTMECH show 56% and 70% of overlaps with the observed flood extents, respectively. A modified version of the NHDPlus-HAND model, considering networked catchment behaviors, is also tested with an improved fitness of 67%. This study suggests that NHDPlus-HAND has the potential for real-time continental inundation forecast due to its low computational cost and ease to couple with the National Water Model. Better performance of NHDPlus-HAND can be achieved by considering the inter-catchment flows during extreme riverine flood events. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive examination made of remote sensing compared with HAND-based inundation mapping in a region of complex topography.
Jiaqi Zhang; Yu‐Fen Huang; Dinuke Munasinghe; Zheng Fang; Yinphan Tsang; Sagy Cohen. Comparative Analysis of Inundation Mapping Approaches for the 2016 Flood in the Brazos River, Texas. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2018, 54, 820 -833.
AMA StyleJiaqi Zhang, Yu‐Fen Huang, Dinuke Munasinghe, Zheng Fang, Yinphan Tsang, Sagy Cohen. Comparative Analysis of Inundation Mapping Approaches for the 2016 Flood in the Brazos River, Texas. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2018; 54 (4):820-833.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaqi Zhang; Yu‐Fen Huang; Dinuke Munasinghe; Zheng Fang; Yinphan Tsang; Sagy Cohen. 2018. "Comparative Analysis of Inundation Mapping Approaches for the 2016 Flood in the Brazos River, Texas." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 54, no. 4: 820-833.
China's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, which seeks to expand the ancient land routes that connect China to the Mediterranean Sea and corresponding ocean-based routes, is expanding global cooperation with profound socioeconomic and ecological implications. As China and associated countries are developing specific policies to implement the initiative, it is important to analyze and integrate major relevant issues. In this article, we discuss several major challenges facing the Belt and Road region: complex natural features, mismatched resources, shared ecological issues, and diverse socioeconomic conditions. To meet the challenges, we apply the integrated framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) and propose to enhance infrastructure connection, transboundary actions, scientific and cultural exchanges, and institutional innovations within the Belt and Road region; and collaborate with more international organizations and countries beyond the Belt and Road region for a prosperous and sustainable world.
Dewei Yang; Jingjing Cai; Vanessa Hull; Kaiyong Wang; Yinphan Tsang; Jianguo Liu. New road for telecoupling global prosperity and ecological sustainability. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016, 2, e01242 .
AMA StyleDewei Yang, Jingjing Cai, Vanessa Hull, Kaiyong Wang, Yinphan Tsang, Jianguo Liu. New road for telecoupling global prosperity and ecological sustainability. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. 2016; 2 (10):e01242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDewei Yang; Jingjing Cai; Vanessa Hull; Kaiyong Wang; Yinphan Tsang; Jianguo Liu. 2016. "New road for telecoupling global prosperity and ecological sustainability." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2, no. 10: e01242.
Improving quality and better availability of continuous stream temperature data allow natural resource managers, particularly in fisheries, to understand associations between different characteristics of stream thermal regimes and stream fishes. However, there is no convenient tool to efficiently characterize multiple metrics reflecting stream thermal regimes with the increasing amount of data from continuously recording data loggers. This article describes a software program packaged as a library in R to facilitate this process. With this freely available package, users will be able to quickly summarize metrics that describe five categories of stream thermal regimes: magnitude, variability, frequency, timing, and rate of change. The installation and usage instruction of this package, the definition of calculated thermal metrics, as well as the output format from the package are described, along with an application showing the utility for multiple metrics. We believe that this package can be widely utilized by interested stakeholders and can greatly assist future fisheries studies.
Yin-Phan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Jana Stewart; Lizhu Wang; Ralph W. Tingly; Darren Thornbrugh; Arthur Cooper; Wesley M. Daniel. StreamThermal: A Software Package for Calculating Thermal Metrics from Stream Temperature Data. Fisheries 2016, 41, 548 -554.
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, Dana M. Infante, Jana Stewart, Lizhu Wang, Ralph W. Tingly, Darren Thornbrugh, Arthur Cooper, Wesley M. Daniel. StreamThermal: A Software Package for Calculating Thermal Metrics from Stream Temperature Data. Fisheries. 2016; 41 (9):548-554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; Dana M. Infante; Jana Stewart; Lizhu Wang; Ralph W. Tingly; Darren Thornbrugh; Arthur Cooper; Wesley M. Daniel. 2016. "StreamThermal: A Software Package for Calculating Thermal Metrics from Stream Temperature Data." Fisheries 41, no. 9: 548-554.
Understanding the future impacts of climate and land use change are critical for long-term biodiversity conservation. We developed and compared two indices to assess the vulnerability of stream fish in Missouri, USA based on species environmental tolerances, rarity, range size, dispersal ability and on the average connectivity of the streams occupied by each species. These two indices differed in how environmental tolerance was classified (i.e., vulnerability to habitat alteration, changes in stream temperature, and changes to flow regimes). Environmental tolerance was classified based on measured species responses to habitat alteration, and extremes in stream temperatures and flow conditions for one index, while environmental tolerance for the second index was based on species’ traits. The indices were compared to determine if vulnerability scores differed by index or state listing status. We also evaluated the spatial distribution of species classified as vulnerable to habitat alteration, changes in stream temperature, and change in flow regimes. Vulnerability scores were calculated for all 133 species with the trait association index, while only 101 species were evaluated using the species response index, because 32 species lacked data to analyze for a response. Scores from the trait association index were greater than the species response index. This is likely due to the species response index's inability to evaluate many rare species, which generally had high vulnerability scores for the trait association index. The indices were consistent in classifying vulnerability to habitat alteration, but varied in their classification of vulnerability due to increases in stream temperature and alterations to flow regimes, likely because extremes in current climate may not fully capture future conditions and their influence on stream fish communities. Both indices showed higher mean vulnerability scores for listed species than unlisted species, which provided a coarse measure of validation. Our indices classified species identified as being in need of conservation by the state of Missouri as highly vulnerable. The distribution of vulnerable species in Missouri showed consistent patterns between indices, with the more forest-dominated, groundwater fed streams in the Ozark subregion generally having higher numbers and proportions of vulnerable species per site than subregions that were agriculturally dominated with more overland flow. These results suggest that both indices will identify similar habitats as conservation action targets despite discrepancies in the classification of vulnerable species. Our vulnerability assessment provides a framework that can be refined and used in other regions.
Nicholas A. Sievert; Craig P. Paukert; Yin-Phan Tsang; Dana Infante. Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration. Ecological Indicators 2016, 67, 403 -416.
AMA StyleNicholas A. Sievert, Craig P. Paukert, Yin-Phan Tsang, Dana Infante. Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 67 ():403-416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicholas A. Sievert; Craig P. Paukert; Yin-Phan Tsang; Dana Infante. 2016. "Development and assessment of indices to determine stream fish vulnerability to climate change and habitat alteration." Ecological Indicators 67, no. : 403-416.
Mining impacts on stream systems have historically been studied over small spatial scales, yet investigations over large areas may be useful for characterizing mining as a regional source of stress to stream fishes. The associations between co-occurring stream fish assemblages and densities of various “classes” of mining occurring in the same catchments were tested using threshold analysis. Threshold analysis identifies the point at which fish assemblages change substantially from best available habitat conditions with increasing disturbance. As this occurred over large regions, species comprising fish assemblages were represented by various functional traits as well as other measures of interest to management (characterizing reproductive ecology and life history, habitat preferences, trophic ecology, assemblage diversity and evenness, tolerance to anthropogenic disturbance and state-recognized game species). We used two threshold detection methods: change-point analysis with indicator analysis and piecewise linear regression. We accepted only those thresholds that were highly statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) for both techniques and overlapped within ≤5% error. We found consistent, wedge-shaped declines in multiple fish metrics with increasing levels of mining in catchments, suggesting mines are a regional source of disturbance. Threshold responses were consistent across the three ecoregions occurring at low mine densities. For 47.2% of the significant thresholds, a density of only ≤0.01 mines/km2 caused a threshold response. In fact, at least 25% of streams in each of our three study ecoregions have mine densities in their catchments with the potential to affect fish assemblages. Compared to other anthropogenic impacts assessed over large areas (agriculture, impervious surface or urban land use), mining had a more pronounced and consistent impact on fish assemblages.
Wesley M. Daniel; Dana M. Infante; Robert M. Hughes; Yin-Phan Tsang; Peter C. Esselman; Daniel Wieferich; Kyle Herreman; Arthur R. Cooper; Lizhu Wang; William W. Taylor. Characterizing coal and mineral mines as a regional source of stress to stream fish assemblages. Ecological Indicators 2014, 50, 50 -61.
AMA StyleWesley M. Daniel, Dana M. Infante, Robert M. Hughes, Yin-Phan Tsang, Peter C. Esselman, Daniel Wieferich, Kyle Herreman, Arthur R. Cooper, Lizhu Wang, William W. Taylor. Characterizing coal and mineral mines as a regional source of stress to stream fish assemblages. Ecological Indicators. 2014; 50 ():50-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWesley M. Daniel; Dana M. Infante; Robert M. Hughes; Yin-Phan Tsang; Peter C. Esselman; Daniel Wieferich; Kyle Herreman; Arthur R. Cooper; Lizhu Wang; William W. Taylor. 2014. "Characterizing coal and mineral mines as a regional source of stress to stream fish assemblages." Ecological Indicators 50, no. : 50-61.
The growing quality and availability of spatial map layers (e.g., climate, geology, and land use) allow stream studies, which historically have occurred over small areas like a single watershed or stream reach, to increasingly explore questions from a landscape perspective. This large-scale perspective for fluvial studies depends on the ability to characterize influences on streams resulting from throughout entire upstream networks or catchments. While acquiring upstream information for a single reach is relatively straight-forward, this process becomes demanding when attempting to obtain summaries for all streams throughout a stream network and across large basins. Additionally, the complex nature of stream networks, including braided streams, adds to the challenge of accurately generating upstream summaries. This paper outlines an approach to solve these challenges by building a database and applying an algorithm to gather upstream landscape information for digitized stream networks. This approach avoids the need to directly use spatial data files in computation, and efficiently and accurately acquires various types of upstream summaries of landscape information across large regions using tabular processing. In particular, this approach is not limited to the use of any specific database software or programming language, and its flexibility allows it to be adapted to any digitized stream network as long as it meets a few minimum requirements. This efficient approach facilitates the growing demand of acquiring upstream summaries at large geographic scales and helps to support the use of landscape information in assisting management and decision-making across large regions.
Yin-Phan Tsang; Daniel Wieferich; Kuolin Fung; Dana M Infante; Arthur R Cooper. An approach for aggregating upstream catchment information to support research and management of fluvial systems across large landscapes. SpringerPlus 2014, 3, 589 .
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, Daniel Wieferich, Kuolin Fung, Dana M Infante, Arthur R Cooper. An approach for aggregating upstream catchment information to support research and management of fluvial systems across large landscapes. SpringerPlus. 2014; 3 (1):589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; Daniel Wieferich; Kuolin Fung; Dana M Infante; Arthur R Cooper. 2014. "An approach for aggregating upstream catchment information to support research and management of fluvial systems across large landscapes." SpringerPlus 3, no. 1: 589.
Flow and water temperature are fundamental properties of stream ecosystems upon which many freshwater resource management decisions are based. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages are the most important source of streamflow and water temperature data available nationwide, but the degree to which gages represent landscape attributes of the larger population of streams has not been thoroughly evaluated. We identified substantial biases for seven landscape attributes in one or more regions across the conterminous United States. Streams with small watersheds (<10 km2) and at high elevations were often underrepresented, and biases were greater for water temperature gages and in arid regions. Biases can fundamentally alter management decisions and at a minimum this potential for error must be acknowledged accurately and transparently. We highlight three strategies that seek to reduce bias or limit errors arising from bias and illustrate how one strategy, supplementing USGS data, can greatly reduce bias.
Jefferson Tyrell Deweber; Yinphan Tsang; Damon M. Krueger; Joanna Whittier; Tyler Wagner; Dana M. Infante; Gary Whelan. Importance of Understanding Landscape Biases in USGS Gage Locations: Implications and Solutions for Managers. Fisheries 2014, 39, 155 -163.
AMA StyleJefferson Tyrell Deweber, Yinphan Tsang, Damon M. Krueger, Joanna Whittier, Tyler Wagner, Dana M. Infante, Gary Whelan. Importance of Understanding Landscape Biases in USGS Gage Locations: Implications and Solutions for Managers. Fisheries. 2014; 39 (4):155-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJefferson Tyrell Deweber; Yinphan Tsang; Damon M. Krueger; Joanna Whittier; Tyler Wagner; Dana M. Infante; Gary Whelan. 2014. "Importance of Understanding Landscape Biases in USGS Gage Locations: Implications and Solutions for Managers." Fisheries 39, no. 4: 155-163.
Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a crucial role in catchment water budgets, typically accounting for more than 50% of annual precipitation falling within temperate deciduous forests. Groundwater ET is a portion of total ET that occurs where plant roots extend to the capillary fringe above the phreatic surface or induce upward movement of water from the water table by hydraulic redistribution. Groundwater ET is spatially restricted to riparian zones or other areas where the groundwater is accessible to plants. Due to the difficulty in measuring groundwater ET, it is rarely incorporated explicitly into hydrological models. In this study, we calibrated Topographic Model (TOPMODEL) using a 14‐year hydrograph record and added a groundwater ET pathway to derive a new model, Groundwater Evapotranspiration TOPMODEL (GETTOP). We inspected groundwater elevations and stream flow hydrographs for evidence of groundwater ET, examined the relationship between groundwater ET and topography, and delineated the area where groundwater ET is likely to take place. The total groundwater ET flux was estimated using a hydrological model. Groundwater ET was larger where the topography was flat and the groundwater table was shallow, occurring within about 10% of the area in a headwater catchment and accounting for 6 to 18% of total annual ET. The addition of groundwater ET to GETTOP improved the simulation of stream discharge and more closely balanced the watershed water budget. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yin-Phan Tsang; George Hornberger; Louis A. Kaplan; J. Denis Newbold; Anthony K. Aufdenkampe. A variable source area for groundwater evapotranspiration: impacts on modeling stream flow. Hydrological Processes 2013, 28, 2439 -2450.
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, George Hornberger, Louis A. Kaplan, J. Denis Newbold, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe. A variable source area for groundwater evapotranspiration: impacts on modeling stream flow. Hydrological Processes. 2013; 28 (4):2439-2450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; George Hornberger; Louis A. Kaplan; J. Denis Newbold; Anthony K. Aufdenkampe. 2013. "A variable source area for groundwater evapotranspiration: impacts on modeling stream flow." Hydrological Processes 28, no. 4: 2439-2450.
Peter C. Esselman; Dana M. Infante; Lizhu Wang; Arthur Cooper; Daniel Wieferich; Yinphan Tsang; Darren J. Thornbrugh; William W. Taylor. Regional fish community indicators of landscape disturbance to catchments of the conterminous United States. Ecological Indicators 2013, 26, 163 -173.
AMA StylePeter C. Esselman, Dana M. Infante, Lizhu Wang, Arthur Cooper, Daniel Wieferich, Yinphan Tsang, Darren J. Thornbrugh, William W. Taylor. Regional fish community indicators of landscape disturbance to catchments of the conterminous United States. Ecological Indicators. 2013; 26 ():163-173.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter C. Esselman; Dana M. Infante; Lizhu Wang; Arthur Cooper; Daniel Wieferich; Yinphan Tsang; Darren J. Thornbrugh; William W. Taylor. 2013. "Regional fish community indicators of landscape disturbance to catchments of the conterminous United States." Ecological Indicators 26, no. : 163-173.
Yin-Phan Tsang; Gary K. Felton; Glenn E. Moglen; Michael Paul. Region of influence method improves macroinvertebrate predictive models in Maryland. Ecological Modelling 2011, 222, 3473 -3485.
AMA StyleYin-Phan Tsang, Gary K. Felton, Glenn E. Moglen, Michael Paul. Region of influence method improves macroinvertebrate predictive models in Maryland. Ecological Modelling. 2011; 222 (19):3473-3485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin-Phan Tsang; Gary K. Felton; Glenn E. Moglen; Michael Paul. 2011. "Region of influence method improves macroinvertebrate predictive models in Maryland." Ecological Modelling 222, no. 19: 3473-3485.
Fu-Chun Wu; Yinphan Tsang. Second-order Monte Carlo uncertainty/variability analysis using correlated model parameters: application to salmonid embryo survival risk assessment. Ecological Modelling 2004, 177, 393 -414.
AMA StyleFu-Chun Wu, Yinphan Tsang. Second-order Monte Carlo uncertainty/variability analysis using correlated model parameters: application to salmonid embryo survival risk assessment. Ecological Modelling. 2004; 177 (3-4):393-414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu-Chun Wu; Yinphan Tsang. 2004. "Second-order Monte Carlo uncertainty/variability analysis using correlated model parameters: application to salmonid embryo survival risk assessment." Ecological Modelling 177, no. 3-4: 393-414.