Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are constantly under pressure to grow. This pressure forces everyone involved to think about how best to run their business. Although there is much research on SME growth, previous research is fragmented and only addresses internal or external enablers. This study aims to construct an interaction model for all enablers that promote sustainable SME growth. An interpretive structural modeling (ISM) analysis is conducted to formulate an interaction model of enablers for SME growth. The results show that both internal and external enablers are crucial for SME growth. This study shows that the following internal enablers that are interrelated and strongly influence SME growth are MS (managerial skills), EO (entrepreneurial orientation), and OwS (ownership structure). In addition, external enablers such as CIL (customer involvement and location) and GS (government support) also play an important role in improving the performance of other factors for SME growth. In addition, this study also provides a guide for formulating strategies for SME sustainability. Effective policy formulation must be based on a correct understanding of the interdependence between enablers as a unified model of interaction. The interaction between the enablers highlighted and the level of the model would be helpful to all shareholders in finding appropriate strategies for SME growth.

The usage of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the gasification process adds value to the empty bunches as a renewable energy source. In this study, we design and manufacture a new updraft type of gasifier reactor without a blower so that it does not require electric power in its operation, but uses power from engine suction. Our test results compare the use of biomass waste in conjunction with diesel fuel to run a diesel power plant for 20 min at a load of 10,000 W: diesel with coconut shell charcoal (350 mL), diesel with acacia wood charcoal (380 mL), and diesel with EFB charcoal (400 mL). The test shows that the highest efficient and the most optimal biomass in the gasification process is coconut shell charcoal, because coconut shell charcoal has a dense structure and, at the time of the experiment, the coconut shell charcoal was filled 15 cm below the gas outlet pipe hole. From the standpoint of the economic value of the gasifier reactor that is proposed in this study, the result with the lowest cost is that of diesel with EFB charcoal, because, in this experiment, EFBs were the biomass that was not purchased. The additional use of empty fruit bunches of charcoal is able to save 50% diesel usage.

Gasification process is strongly influenced by the gasifier reactor to produce syngas. This study aims to design and make an updraft type of gasifier reactor without blower so that it does not require electric power in its operation, but use power from engine suction. This gasifier design is suitable for small scale power plants which are not connected to the main electricity network (off-grid system) in rural and remote areas. Materials used in manufacturing the gasifier reactor are consist of type 304 3 mm stainless steel, 3 mm diameter of stainless steel pipe, 3 mm iron plate, and fire cement. The experiment and test results show that the highest efficient and the most optimal biomass in the gasification process is coconut shell charcoal, because coconut shell charcoal has a dense structure and at the time of the experiment, coconut shell charcoal was filled 15 cm below the gas outlet pipe hole. From the economic value of the gasifier reactor that has been produced, the lowest cost result is diesel with EFB charcoal, because in this experiment EFB is the biomass that is not purchased. The additional use of empty bunches of charcoal is able to save 50% diesel usage

Salah satu jenis tanah berbutir halus adalah tanah lempung yang memiliki sifat kohesi dengan tingkat plastisitas yang rendah sampai dengan tinggi dan daya dukung yang rendah. Tingginya tingkat plastisitas dapat menyebabkan tingginya potensi mengembang tanah lempung. Untuk mengurangi plastisitas dan meningkatkan daya dukung pada tanah lempung sehingga perlu adanya perbaikan parameternya. Metode perbaikan yang sederhana adalah stabilisasi kimia. Pada penelitian ini digunakan serbuk arang cangkang sawit sebagai bahan stabilisasi tanah lempung. Serbuk arang cangkang sawit yang ditambahkan berdasarkan berat kering tanah bervariasi mulai 5%, 10% dan 15%. Penambahan serbuk arang cangkang sawit tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap plastisitas dan parameter kuat geser tanah lempung. Hasil pengujian di laboratorium didapatkan tingkat plastisitas tanah lempung menurun seiring dengan penambahan serbuk arang cangkang sawit. Sedangkan untuk parameter kuat geser diketahui bahwa nilai kohesi mencapai nilai optimum dengan variasi penambahan serbuk arang cangkang sawit 10% dengan nilai sebesar 44,04 kPa. Namun hal tersebut tidak berlaku dengan nilai sudut geser dalam yang semakin lama semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya serbuk arang cangkang sawit. Penambahan serbuk arang cangkang sawit pada tanah lempung dapat menyebabkan hilangnya sifat kohesif dan tanah lempung menjadi lebih berbutir.