Tick control is a priority in order to prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Industrial chemical acaricides and repellents have been the most efficient tools against hard ticks for a long time. However, the appearance of resistances has meant the declining effectiveness of the chemicals available on the market. The trend today is to develop alternative control methods using natural products to replace nonefficient pesticides and to preserve the efficient ones, hoping to delay resistance development. Traditional in vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity or resistance to synthetic pesticides have been reviewed and they mainly focus on just one species, the one host tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)). Recent reports have called for the standardization of natural product components, extraction techniques, and experimental design to fully discover their acaricidal potential. This study reviews the main variables used in the bibliography about the efficiency of natural products against ticks, and it proposes a unification of variables relating to ticks, practical development of bioassays, and estimation of ixodicidal activity.

To study the prevalence of bovine group A rotavirus (GARV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in diarrheic feces from calves and the sensitive's parameters such as age group and sex. Feces samples from 82 diarrheic dairy calves from farms around Tiaret (Western Algeria) were collected. These samples were tested by ELISA assay. The results showed that the prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus infection are 14.63% (12.2% alone and 2.43% associated with bovine coronavirus) and 20.73% (18.3% alone and 2.43% associated with GARV), respectively. The present study demonstrates that the both BCoV and GARV are involved in the neonatal calves' diarrhea, where the frequency of BCoV is clearly higher than that of GARV.

The antioxidant and antibacterial activities and the composition of essential oil of Mentha spicata from Tiaret area were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method against seven strains isolated from diarrhea of young calves. The essential oil was analyzed by GCMS/ GC-FID. A total of 116 compounds amounting of 99.92% of the total component of the oil were identified. The major component of the oil was carvone (63.59%).The antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed IC50 value of 21.1 ± 7.17 μg/ml, while the reducing power assay have resulted an EC50value of 2.28 ± 0.68 μg/ml. The results showed that the essential oil exhibited an MIC against all tested bacteria at 2.37 mg/ml to 4.75 mg/ml. The essential oil of M. spicata showed strong antioxidant and weak to moderate antibacterial activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 87-96, 2018 (June)