The identification of general population groups particularly vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health and the development of healthcare policies are priority challenges in the current and future pandemics. This study aimed to identify the personal and social determinants of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health in a large sample of the Colombian population. In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous online survey was answered by 18,061 participants from the general population residing in Colombia during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (from 20 May to 20 June 2020). The risk of depression, anxiety, and somatization disorders were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and Somatic Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-5), respectively. Overall, 35% of participants showed risk of depression, 29% of anxiety, and 31% of somatization. According to the analysis of social determinants of health, the most affected groups were people with low incomes, students, and young adults (18–29 years). Specifically, low-income young females were the most at-risk population group. These findings show how the lockdown measures affected the general population’s mental health in Colombia and highlight some social risk factors in health.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that healthcare workers are at a high risk of experiencing poor mental health. Objective: To examine the associations between various psychosocial factors (i.e., gender, age, income level, LGBTQIA+ status, posttraumatic growth, perceived stress, and resilience) and three clinically relevant mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and psychological distress) among Colombian psychologists following the most restrictive phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional online study was conducted between December 1st, 2021, and April 30th, 2022. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-2, the GAD-2, and the PHQ-4, respectively. Prevalences and prevalence ratios by socioeconomic and psychological variables were also estimated. Results: Of the 1,297 participants, the majority were female (78%) and had a mean age of 39.2 (SD = 11.5). In total, 27.5% reported depression, 25.4% anxiety, and 17.5% psychological distress symptoms. Depression and psychological distress were higher among females and younger psychologists. Psychological distress was higher among LGBTQIA+ psychologists. Lower posttraumatic growth and resilience and higher perceived stress were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and psychological distress symptoms. Conclusion: These findings highlight disparities in mental health outcomes among psychologists associated with varying psychosocial factors. They also highlight the need to offer psychologists resources to improve their psychological adaptation to stressful circumstances related to future public health emergencies.