Investment in renewable energy sources by logistics companies has become commonplace. Organizations decide to invest in renewable energy sources not only for economic or environmental reasons, but because it is also prestigious for them. The aim of this article is to present the possible risk factors for a logistics company that uses or wants to implement renewable energy sources. This study identified individual risk factors and control mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of a particular risk factor occurring. In this article, the research methodology used is risk management through implementing a diagram of the risk-related decision-making processes of logistics companies around renewable energy sources. The analysis of the risk factors of renewable energy sources is an important element in assessing their effectiveness. By implementing the procedure of selecting an appropriate renewable energy source by logistic entities and implementing an element of risk management, there will be a significant positive impact on the optimal selection of a renewable energy source by enterprises.

The transport of oversized loads, such as wind turbine components, represents a key logistical challenge due to specific technical and regulatory requirements. The development of the renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy in Poland, has significantly increased the demand for this type of transport. The implementation of wind farm construction projects requires not only advanced technological solutions but also special attention to transport safety and the organization of logistical processes. This study employed the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk analysis method, which allows for the identification of potential defects and their causes. Data were collected through surveys, interviews with representatives of transport companies, and field observations. The research sample included 11 companies specializing in oversized transport in Poland and European countries. Based on the gathered information, 15 typical risks associated with the transport of wind turbine components were identified. The most significant risks include the possibility of road accidents and discrepancies between the actual dimensions of the cargo and the transport documentation. The results highlight the need for improvements in route planning, precise verification of cargo parameters, and better management of administrative processes related to obtaining permits. The development of the wind energy sector and dynamic investments in wind farms make the optimization of oversized transport a crucial element in supporting the execution of eco-friendly projects and sustainable development.

Obecna gospodarka rozwija się i zmienia w bardzo szybkim tempie. Przechodzi zmiany, które w dużym stopniu są wynikiem szybkiego rozwoju technologii cyfrowych. Globalizacja i rozwój technologii przyczyniają się do rozwoju innowacyjności, a także konkurencyjności, które rozrastają się na szeroką skalę. Transport w dzisiejszych czasach ma bardzo duże znaczenie dla rozwoju gospodarki. Przemysł 4.0 to pojęcie „zbiorcze”, które obejmuje zaawansowane systemy automatyki, wymianę danych i technologie systemów produkcyjnych. Koncepcja Przemysłu 4.0 nie odnosi się jedynie do jednej technologii i jednorazowego rozwoju, ale do grupy technologii, które wpływają na ciąg rozwoju przedsiębiorstw i ich dynamikę. Obecnie kształtuje się wiele segmentów, które ulepszane są za pomocą nowoczesnych systemów i nowych technologii. Transport nie jest tutaj żadnym wyjątkiem ponieważ podlega ciągłym zmianom, a postępująca cyfryzacja staje się nieodłącznym elementem w transporcie. Nowoczesne technologie Przemysłu 4.0 w transporcie, umożliwiają usprawnienie wiele aspektów, tj. organizacja pracy, oszczędność czasu oraz obniżenie kosztów. Usprawniania procesów w transporcie sprowadza się do ich unowocześniania i polepszenia. Każda zastosowana technologia jest dużym wsparciem dla transportu. Celem opracowania jest określenie rozwiązań w zakresie transportu drogowego, uwzględniając przestrzeń miejską i wykorzystując nowoczesne technologie Przemysłu 4.0

With increasing geopolitical tensions and cross-border operational disruptions, critical transport infrastructure is becoming particularly important for Europe's economic and logistical security. The research niche of the article is the limited number of empirical, comparative studies assessing the resilience of critical transport infrastructure under the direct impact of armed conflict, with a particular focus on intermodal operations between Poland and Ukraine. The aim of this article is to identify and assess risks affecting critical transport infrastructure in Europe in the context of the war in Ukraine, with particular emphasis on the perspective of Polish and Ukrainian companies. The study adopts the hypothesis that infrastructure resilience varies significantly across transport modes and that a systemic risk-management approach supported by international coordination improves the effectiveness of adaptation processes. The study covered companies in the TSL (transport - shipping - logistics) sector that provide road transport services and cooperate with rail, air and maritime transport operators. In the empirical part, an assessment of infrastructure risk and vulnerability was carried out using the FMEA method. The results show significant variation in resilience depending on the type of infrastructure and the need to implement a systemic approach to risk management. Based on the analysis, strategic directions for improvement were identified, including diversification of routes, development of digital competences and increased interoperability of infrastructure. The conclusions of the study indicate that the identification of key risks and vulnerabilities of the transport infrastructure provides the foundation for ensuring the continuity of logistics systems and an effective response to future geopolitical emergencies.