Fever is the most common symptom in childhood. Despite its prevalence and decades of education and research, the treatment of fever and febrile illnesses continues to cause concern and anxiety in parents. The objective of this systematic review with meta‐synthesis is to analyse parents' perceptions, knowledge and attitudes towards the febrile child and how they influence the construction of the concept of fever. The PRISMA international standards and PRISMA checklist, as well as the Cochrane recommendations, were followed. Articles with qualitative methodology have been selected that analyse what fever means to parents, what their concerns about this sign are, where they get their information and what their expectations are of healthcare professionals during treating their feverish child. Finally, 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria were added in the qualitative meta‐synthesis. The concept of fever has been represented as a non‐harmful sign in and of itself, an aspect that emerges in fathers and mothers' discourse. Meanwhile, the perceived need to lower the temperature still appears to be the main aim of their approach, with attitudes implying an emergency to reach normothermia, focusing on temperature as the primary indicator of severity.

Context: Fever is a common symptom in children that nurses and pediatricians treat. Although it is a common sign in clinical practice, fever instills irrational fears in parents that health professionals share. Objective: To investigate whether doctors’ and nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward fever influence how this sign is managed. Furthermore, it intends to evaluate whether educational programs increase knowledge and change attitudes and/or perceptions of nurses about children’s fever. Data Sources: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted with PRISMA international standards and the Cochrane recommendations. Study selection: Articles examining health professionals’ (doctors and/or nurses) knowledge, perceptions, and/or attitudes toward fever in children and the use of antipyretics were selected for the study. Data extraction: The qualitative analysis was carried out by classifying the articles according to the applied educational programs for nurses related to fever care for children that evaluated different outcomes to determine their efficacies. Results: For the qualitative synthesis, 41 articles were included, and 5 of these were taken in meta-analysis, which measured the effectiveness of educational programs for fever management in nurses. Limitations: All of the included studies generally had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: According to the evidence reviewed, nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions and attitudes regarding fever management in children indicate an overtreatment of this sign. We can give a recommendation grade of D on the use of educational programs to modify attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge about fever in children and improve clinical practice in nurses.

Introduction: Fever stands out as the predominant clinical indicator in infancy. Pediatricians encounter fever routinely in their daily practice, playing a crucial role in their interactions with children and families. Objective: The aim is to examine pediatricians’ viewpoints, understanding, and approaches regarding childhood fever in two healthcare settings: pediatric hospitalization (emergency and inpatient ward) and primary care. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using an ethnomethodological approach. Pediatricians working in the specified pediatric settings participated in in-depth interviews where theoretical clinical cases were presented for analysis. Results: Following the examination of the discourses, the codes were organized into eight categories: Understanding of fever, Significance ascribed to fever, Therapeutic strategies, Engagement with the evidence, Family apprehensions regarding fever, Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Inter- and intra-professional relationships, and Suggestions for change: Conclusions: Pediatricians acknowledge the importance of addressing discomfort in the treatment of fever, but express challenges in implementing these recommendations. Pediatricians in inpatient settings emphasize the need for enhanced parental education from primary care, while those in primary care recognize the potential for improvement. Inpatient pediatricians are open to implementing changes in their daily practices, particularly concerning the administration of antipyretics.

Introduction: Although childhood fever is a common and typically self-limiting clinical presentation, it imposes a substantial emotional and psychological burden on caregivers, especially mothers, primarily due to enduring practices and beliefs that diverge from contemporary evidence-based medical guidelines. Objective: The aim was to investigate how families perceive pediatric fever, identify the factors influencing their caregiving decisions, and examine their experiences across various healthcare settings. Methodology: A qualitative study employing an ethnomethodological approach was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Spain. The study included ten caregivers (nine mothers and one father) of children presenting with fever. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field diary observations. Analysis was performed using a combination of inductive and deductive methods, supported by the Atlas.ti 25.0.1 version software. Results: Mothers perceive childhood fever as a disruptive event necessitating rapid decision-making, shaped by emotional responses, prior experiences, culturally transmitted knowledge, and social context. Common caregiving practices included routine administration of antipyretics, application of physical remedies, and early utilization of emergency healthcare services. The caregiver–healthcare professional relationship was characterized by ambivalence, highlighting the need for enhanced health education and greater emotional support for caregivers. Conclusions: Childhood fever represents both a clinical condition and a sociocultural phenomenon. Gaining insight into family practices and beliefs enables the development of more effective, empathetic educational interventions, which can enhance caregiving practices and mitigate parental anxiety. Reporting method: Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines.

Fever is the most common clinical sign during infancy. Nurses deal with fever in children most directly and it is an integral aspect of their role as pediatric nurses. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes toward childhood fever of nurses in three health contexts: pediatric hospitalization, pediatric emergency and primary care. To respond this objective, a qualitative study with ethnomethodological approach has been carried out. In‐depth interviews were conducted and theoretical clinical cases were presented to nurses working in pediatrics in the three settings studied. After the analysis of the discourses, the codes were classified into three categories: static and number‐centric knowledge, dependent nursing attitude, and unconscious model nurses. On the one hand, when we analyze and compare the perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of the nurses between the different contexts, we find differences that consist mainly of what the context requires of them. On the other hand, in general and regardless of the context, the nurses interviewed place themselves in a traditional framework when faced with the phenomenon of fever in children.

Aim: Self-stigma represents a major barrier to recovery among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). This review aimed to identify and synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing self-stigma in adults with SMI, while also exploring physical appearance care as a potentially relevant but under-researched area. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook recommendations. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251013333). Data Sources: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost databases. A snowball search of reference lists was also performed. Studies published in English or Spanish within the past ten years were included. Review Methods: Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts according to predefined criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme España (CASPe). A qualitative synthesis was conducted for all included studies, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed for studies providing sufficient quantitative data. Standardized mean differences and heterogeneity statistics were calculated. Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and twelve were eligible for meta-analysis. Multicomponent interventions integrating psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, narrative approaches, and social support showed the most consistent effects across the evaluated outcome domains. Meta-analytic findings indicated small-to-moderate reductions in self-stigma and improvements in hope, with low levels of statistical heterogeneity across outcomes. Effects on self-esteem, quality of life, self-efficacy, and psychiatric symptomatology were limited or inconsistent across studies. No studies specifically evaluated interventions focused on physical appearance care. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions appear to produce modest but potentially meaningful reductions in self-stigma among individuals with SMI, particularly when delivered through multicomponent psychosocial approaches that integrate psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, narrative techniques, and social support.