Black phosphorus (BP), as a typical layered two-dimensional (2D) material, has attracted tremendous attention due to its high carrier mobility, unique in-plane anisotropic structure and tunable direct bandgap.

This review summarizes the synthetic routes of functional 2D BP nanostructures, highlights the recent progresses of the diverse applications of functional 2D BP nanostructures, and presents the challenges and perspectives in the emerging fields.

The oxidative degradation of plastics in conjunction with the production of clean hydrogen (H₂) represents a significant challenge. Herein, a Ni₃S₄/ZnCdS heterojunction is rationally synthesized and employed for the efficient production of H₂ and high‐selectivity value‐added chemicals from waste plastic. By integrating spectroscopic analysis techniques with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a solely electron transfer‐mediated reaction mechanism is confirmed, wherein Ni₃S₄ extracts electrons from ZnCdS (ZCS) to promote the spatial segregation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which not only facilitates H₂ production but also maintains the high oxidation potential of holes on the ZCS surface, favoring hole‐dominated plastic oxidation. Notably, the catalyst exhibited efficient H₂ production rates as high as 27.9 and 17.4 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, along with a selectivity of 94.2% and 78.3% in the liquid product toward pyruvate and acetate production from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), respectively. Additionally, carbon yields of 26.5% for pyruvate and 2.2% for acetate are measured after 9 h of photoreforming, representing the highest values reported to date. Overall, this research presents a promising approach for converting plastic waste into H₂ fuel and high‐selectivity valuable chemical products, offering a potential solution to the growing issue of “White Pollution”.