In the recent years, another approach named as the bootstrap method is getting popular in Statistical Process Control (SPC) specifically when the underlying distribution of the process is unknown. The bootstrap estimators are getting popularity in statistical process control due to their remarkable properties for non-normal distribution. In this paper the bootstrap control chart is developed for monitoring process variability and robustness is discussed through simulation studies. It appears that the proposed control chart for monitoring process variability based on the bootstrap method is performing better to detect out-of-control signal in a case when data follow skewed distributions. Therefore, the proposed chart is more recommendable for industrial practitioners.

Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe health problem with dire consequences for the quality of life of millions of individuals and their families around the globe. This quantitative study analyzes the factors associated with hemodialysis patients’ quality of life (QoL) in Lahore City, Pakistan. Methods: Primary data from a sample of 384 patients were collected through regular visits to the hospital. We employed proportional odds models (POMs) and structural equation models to identify factors associated with the QoL. Results: The results revealed significant associations between various factors and patients’ quality of life. While gender showed no association with quality of life, younger age, single marital status, higher education, higher family income, and employment status were associated with a better QoL. Clinical variables such as the absence of diabetes and hypertension and specific laboratory parameters were protective against deteriorating QoL. Physical symptoms like muscle soreness, cramps, and shortness of breath significantly impacted QoL. Social and environmental factors adversely affected patient well-being, including family distress and financial issues. Psychological variables such as anxiety, depression, and fear of death also influenced QoL. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of holistic, patient-centered care approaches in renal failure management, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to address the diverse needs of dialysis patients and enhance their QoL. Further longitudinal research is recommended to validate these findings and guide the development of targeted interventions for improving patient well-being in hemodialysis settings.

This research examines the factors driving increased fast food consumption among university students using a sample of 300 students chosen through a two-st