In the last decade, an impressive advance was achieved in adoptive cell therapy (ACT), which has improved therapeutic potential and significant value in promising cancer treatment for patients. The ACT is based on the cell transfer of dendritic cells (DCs) and/or immune effector cells. DCs are often used as vaccine carriers or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to prime naive T cells ex vivo or in vivo. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells are used as major tool effector cells for ACT. Despite the fact that NK cell immunotherapy is highly effective and promising against many cancer types, there are still some limitations, including insignificant infiltration, adverse conditions of the microenvironment, the immunosuppressive cellular populations, and the low cytotoxic activity in solid tumors. To overcome these difficulties, novel methods of NK cell isolation, expansion, and stimulation of cytotoxic activity should be designed. In this review, we discuss the basic characteristics of DC vaccines and NK cells as potential adoptive cell preparations in cancer therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) originating from the cells of the colon or rectum has a high mortality rate worldwide. Numerous attempts have been made to raise the overall survival rates of CRC patients. It is well-known that the development of malignant neoplasms is accompanied by suppression of the immune system, which is likely the cause for the failure of standard treatment methods. Immune response has long been an issue of great interest in cancer therapy and anti-tumor immunity that consider the development of immunotherapeutic antitumor methods resulting in the immune system activation as an important issue. This review discusses main immunotherapeutic approaches available for the CRC treatment.

The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading all over the world. Although some progress has been made in understanding the viral structure and invasion mechanism of coronaviruses that may cause severe syndrome, due to the limited understanding of the immune effects caused by SARS-CoV-2, it is difficult for us to prevent patients from developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and syndrome of cytokines storm, the major complications of coronavirus infection. In this review, we summarized immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and described some mechanism of evasion from immune system. This may provide clue of using immune therapy as combine treatment to prevent the patient develop into ARDS and largely reduced complications.

ОПУХОЛЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИЙ ИММУННЫЙ ОТВЕТ ПОСЛЕ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ