Phenotypic and genotypic characterization were performed to assess heritability, variability, and seed yield stability of pea genotypes used in breeding to increase the pea production area. A European pea diversity panel, including genotypes from North America, Asia, and Australia consisting of varieties, breeding lines, pea, and landraces was examined in 2019 and 2020 in Serbia and Belgium using augmented block design. The highest heritability was for thousand seed weight; the highest coefficient of variation was for seed yield. The highest positive correlation was between number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant; the highest negative correlation was between seed yield and protein content. Hierarchical clustering separated pea germplasm based on use and type. Different Principal component analysis grouping of landraces, breeding lines, and varieties, as well as forage types and garden and dry peas, confirms that there was an apparent decrease in similarity between the genotypes, which can be explained by their different purposes. Pea breeding should be focused on traits with consistent heritability and a positive effect on seed yield when selecting high-yielding genotypes, and on allowing for more widespread use of pea in various agricultural production systems.

Climatic variability, particularly fluctuating precipitation and rising temperatures, poses a significant threat to crop productivity and stability. Forage sorghum hybrids are a promising alternative for fodder and bioenergy due to their high level of drought tolerance. This study evaluated genotypic variation and environmental adaptability of 60 forage sorghum genotypes: 13 parental lines, their 40 crosses and seven commercial hybrids, to identify high-yielding, stable hybrids for biomass production under changing agroecological conditions. Field trials conducted over two contrasting years revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions (p < 0.05), highlighting the need for multi-year evaluations. While favorable rainfall in 2020 enhanced vegetative traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area), biomass yield variability increased, emphasizing that favorable vegetative development does not necessarily correlate with yield stability. Principal component analysis indicated that plant height, stem diameter and leaf-related traits contributed most to genotypic differentiation. However, no single trait emerged as a reliable predictor of yield, suggesting complex trait interaction. These findings underscore the importance of integrative breeding strategies that combine phenotypic trait assessment with environmental adaptability to ensure sustainable biomass production. Sorghum’s drought tolerance and resilience make it a promising crop for future food and feed security in regions prone to climatic stress.

The paper analyzes alfalfa seed cleaning using a magnetic separator, and the influence of the dodder seed amount on the cleaned seed amount. Seed cleaning was performed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad and three alfalfa seed lots were cleaned after passing through the primary cleaning process (selector, gravity table and roll mill). After cleaning, the quantity of pure seed (kg), waste (kg) and the time used for cleaning (h) was measured. The input quantity of all three seed lots was 1000 kg, whereas the waste ranged from 7.8 to 9.8 kg after cleaning. The purpose of this study is to monitor the operation of a magnetic separator in order to determine the amount of waste after cleaning. On the basis of the results obtained, an insight into the influence of the dodder seed amount on the cleaning rate and the required number of cleaning repetitions was obtained.

Background: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) provides one of the best solutions for the lack of plant-based protein. The different agroecological conditions and the difference in seed color and type can affect seed protein content, composition and agronomic traits. Methods: A two-year trial on two European sites was done using an augmented block design. Agronomic traits and seed protein content were determined for each plot. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis were done to analyze the structure and pea traits. Electrophoresis was done to investigate variations in protein composition. Result: The results of multivariate analysis showed the separation of pigmented seeds from non-pigmented seeds, with no clear grouping concerning seed type. The protein composition differed between seeds of different colors. Environmental factors had a significant impact on the duration of flowering, the number of pods and seeds and seed weight per plant.

In order for the production of a plant species to take a significant place in the crop structure, in addition to favorable agro-ecological conditions, there must be a national strategy. After the state implemented the “action” plan, the processing sector and breeding, i.e. the development of high-yielding domestic varieties, with good adaptability and stability, intensified. This implied that Serbia would become the only country in Europe that produces enough soybeans for its own needs. The aim of the research is the influence of agro-climatic conditions on soybean production in the province of Vojvodina. High-yielding soybean varieties contributed to an average yield of over 3,000 kg ha-1 for the period 2010 2019. Intensive development of new soybean varieties is aimed at addressing climate change, which has become increasingly unfavorable. Data indicate that interest in soybean production in Serbia is growing and this trend is expected to continue in the future.