Background: Few research studies have focused on the effects of dietary protein on metabolic syndrome and its components. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the type of dietary protein intake and animal to plant (AP) protein ratio with metabolic syndrome and its components. Methods: This population-based study had a cross sectional design and conducted on 518 participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Study. Two sets of three dietary 24-h recalls were obtained six months apart. Anthropometric measures and biochemical tests were performed in clinics. Regression calibration models were used to determine the association of type of dietary protein with metabolic syndrome and its components (raised triglyceride, raised blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), raised fasting blood glucose and increased waist circumference). Results: The likelihood of metabolic syndrome was lower in those with higher total dietary protein and animal protein intake (p = 0.02).Total protein (β = 0.004, [95%CI: 0.002, 0.007]), animal protein intake (β = 0.004, [95%CI: 0.001, 0.007]) and AP protein intake ratio (β = 0.034, [95%CI: 0.021, 0.047]) were positively associated with waist circumference. Higher AP protein ratio was related to higher fasting blood glucose (β = 0.023, [95%CI: 0.005, 0.041]). Conclusion: Our study suggests that considering a significant amount of plant protein as a part of total dietary protein has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of urban and rural households toward principles of nutrition in Iran. The study popula

The aim of this study is to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of Iranian households and health staff on nutrition at province level. The sampling method in NUTRIKAP survey for households in each province is single-stage cluster sampling and the size of clusters is equal. The sampling method for health staff in each province is stratified random sampling. Samples are selected from physicians, health experts, health technicians, nutritionists and health assistants (Behvarz). Overall, 14136 people in 57 clusters in each province and 480 health staff over the country participate in this survey. The necessary data will be gathered by the structured questionnaire and the interview with the eligible person in each household. Data gathering from health staff will be carried out by self-administered questionnaire. The results of this study can help the bureau of community nutrition to provide the proper interventions to improve nutritional health of households.